Societies Arise in the Andres

1. Societies Arise in the Andres Standard 2.4 E.Q. What would emerge in the Andres region?

2. Settlements on the Coastal Plain • Peru was a harsh place to develop a civilization. • Andes are steep and rocky, with generally poor soil. • Ice and snow cover the highest elevations year – round. • Overland travel was difficult.

3. Settlements on the Coast Plain • Climate was hot and dry during the day, and often freezing at night. • Between the mountains and the Pacific Ocean lies a narrow coastal plain. • Most of the harsh desert on their path from the mountains to the sea. • People began to make villages along the Pacific coast.

4. The Chavin Period • First influential civilization in the South America arose not on the coast, but in the mountains. • Chavin flourish from around 900 B.C. to 200 B.C. • Culture spread quickly across much of northern and central Peru. • Focused on art and religious image with the discovery of stone carving, pottery, and textiles.

5. Other Andean Civilizations Flourish • Around the Chavin culture decline, other civilizations were emerging in Peru.

6. Nazca Achievements • Nazca culture flourished along the southern coast of Peru from around 200 B.C. to 600 B.C. • Area was extremely dry. • Developed extensive irrigation systems, including underground canals, that allowed them to farm the land. • Known for their beautiful textiles and pottery. • Primary featured images of animals, and mythological beings.

7. Moche Culture • Northern coast of Peru, lasted from about 100 A.D. to 700 A.D. • Built impressive irrigation system to water their wide range of crops, which included corn, beans, potatoes, squash, and peanuts. • Experts still do not fully understand Moche religious beliefs. • Created pottery that depicted sense from everyday life.