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Idealism and Reform 1820s and 1930s

Idealism and Reform 1820s and 1930s. Great Awakening Family Political Perfection Religious Perfection Transcendentalism. The Second Great Awakening. Response to rapid economic changes Lyman Beecher 1812: neo-Calvinism New England, “free agency” Final end of old Calvinism

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Idealism and Reform 1820s and 1930s

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  1. Idealism and Reform1820s and 1930s Great Awakening Family Political Perfection Religious Perfection Transcendentalism

  2. The Second Great Awakening • Response to rapid economic changes • Lyman Beecher 1812: neo-Calvinism • New England, “free agency” • Final end of old Calvinism • Charles Finney1820s: burned over region • Very charismatic, emotional release • Christianity of the Heart, God’s mercy • Free will, people in charge of their salvation • Fits in with Jacksonian Democracy

  3. Christianity of the Heart • Christian Activism: Missionaries, Societies • Temperance: By 1850s many dry states • Abolitionism: Started w/ Quakers 1770s • American Colonization Society • William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator, he • Is 100% for immediate emancipation • Fredrick Douglas: background • Theodore Weld: moderates split w/ Garrison

  4. William Lloyd Garrison

  5. The Liberator: 1831

  6. Frederick Douglas

  7. Women and the Family • Women’s Movement: from abolitionism • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Seneca Falls Convention: July 1848 • Family Changes • Separate spheres • Women put on a pedestal: idealized • Less children: Longer childhood • EDUCATION REFORM: HORACE MANN

  8. Secular Idealism • Asylums: Dorothy Dix • Utopian Socialism: Robert Owen • Charles Fourier • Transcendentalism: Ralph Waldo Emerson • Romanticism: Edgar Allen Poe • Henry David Thoreau: Walden & On Civil Disobedience • Brooks Farm: Hawthorn • Herman Melville

  9. Ralph Waldo Emerson

  10. Henry David Thoreau

  11. Religious Perfection • The Skakers: Ann Lee • The Oneida Community: free love • The Mormons • John Smith • Brigham Young • Utah

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