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Music from the Renaissance to the Baroque

Music from the Renaissance to the Baroque. Choral Music. Medieval Music: Gregorian Chants Dufay: Mass for the inauguration of Florence cathedral (1436): 2 voices Polyphonic Music: Religious: Josquin the Prez (1450-1521) Secular: Madalena Casulana. Choral Music. Reformation:

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Music from the Renaissance to the Baroque

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  1. Music from the Renaissance to the Baroque

  2. Choral Music • Medieval Music: Gregorian Chants • Dufay: Mass for the inauguration of Florence cathedral (1436): 2 voices • Polyphonic Music: • Religious: Josquin the Prez (1450-1521) • Secular: Madalena Casulana

  3. Choral Music • Reformation: • Martin Luther: hymns • Counter-Reformation: • Palestrina: homophonic harmony • Text matches musical cadence: clarity

  4. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) • Undeniable master of the Northern Baroque musical tradition • Served as organist and musician at courts and towns in German states • Various small towns • Court of Duke of Weimar • Court of Prince of Cöthen • Saint Thomas Lutheran church and school at Leipzig • Sought to convey devotion and piety in his religious music

  5. Bach’s Sacred Choral Music • Cantatas – multi-movement work for choir, soloists, and instruments, specific to the sacred lessons of the readings and sermon for each Sunday • Oratorios – lengthy choral works, similar to opera in scale, but without staging or scenery • Passions – similar to an oratorio, but focused specifically on the Gospel story of Jesus’ suffering, death, and resurrection.

  6. The Cantatas • Bach wrote more than 300 cantatas – 5 complete sets, for each Sunday and feast day of the Lutheran church • The church patrons demanded new cantatas each week, which Bach had to write and prepare the musicians to perform. • He usually based them on familiar Lutheran chorales (simple church tunes), but added independent melodies to create elaborate counterpoint, well-suited to Baroque tastes. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwWL8Y-qsJg

  7. The Oratorios and Passions • Much larger in scope than the cantatas. • Musically, the contrapuntal treatment is similar, but the emphasis is also on the narration of the story. • Uses full orchestra as well as soloists and choir • St. Matthew Passion is perhaps his greatest choral composition, requiring over 3 hours to perform and large musical forces. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggm0SZCWKZo

  8. Bach’s Instrumental Music • Wide variety of music for a wide variety of occasions • Funerals • Marriages • Civic celebrations • Commissions • Well-known examples include the Brandenburg Concertos, a set of six works that explore the possibilities of instrumental combinations: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZ9qWpa2rIg • Minuet in G • Minuet

  9. The Fugue • A genre that uses a single thematic idea throughout the entire work. • Continual overlapping of counterpoint, with the subject being imitated in various voices while other material is introduced. • Tremendously challenging either to perform or to compose. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yIcoPrAgvs&feature=related

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