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Innovative Power Divider Techniques for Reduced Size and Arbitrary Impedance Matching

This document addresses the necessity of power dividers in RF applications, explores the shortcomings of conventional designs, and proposes various techniques for size reduction and arbitrary power division. Key innovations include methods for arbitrary termination impedance, ensuring efficient power division while maintaining isolation. The discussion encompasses both theoretical and practical aspects, illustrated with simulation results. This work highlights solutions to conventional limitations in power divider designs, fostering advancements in compact RF systems.

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Innovative Power Divider Techniques for Reduced Size and Arbitrary Impedance Matching

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  1. Power divider ( Arbitrary Termination Impedance, Arbitrary Power Division ) 2004-21566 유지호

  2. Contents • Necessity of the power divider • Problems of conventional power dividers • Size reduction technique • Arbitrary termination Impedance technique • Arbitrary power division technique • Conclusion

  3. Necessity of the power divider power combining in phase or out of phase

  4. Problems of conventional power dividers • Large size at UHF or VHF band. • Designed to match 50 Ohm termination. ( Additional matching networks are necessary. - Increase system size ) • Symmetry -> Only equal power division ratio.

  5. Size reduction technique (1) –> MTT-Trans (1991) A-A’ : symmetrical axis ring hybrid’ scattering matrix Isolation

  6. Size reduction technique (1) –> MTT-Trans (1991) A-A’ : symmetrical axis ring hybrid’ scattering matrix • Find S-parameter • Isolation : S31=S42=0 at f=f0 • 3dB output power division • -> |S21|=|S41| & |S12|=|S32| • Then, obtain

  7. Size reduction technique (1) –> MTT-Trans (1991) 3dB power division & good matching

  8. Size reduction technique (2) –> MTT-S (1989) BUT -> 1. series L : high resistive losses 2. Same termination impedances

  9. Size reduction technique (3) –> MTT-Trans (1994) 1 : Input 2 : +90 output 4 : -90 output 3 : isolation 1 : Input 2 : +90 output 4 : -90 output 3 : isolation series L : 3개 series L : 1개 Reduce series L

  10. Size reduction technique (3) –> MTT-Trans (1994) Remove series L (1980 ) But limited to equal-power split-ring hybrid

  11. Arbitrary termination impedances (1) –> MTT-Trans (1999) • Excitation at port 2 (V) • Transmission line Eq • node 1&2, node 3&1 • (2)node Eq • node 1, node 2, node 2&GND, nod 2&3 • (3)3dB power division • (4) So determine optimum load (1) ~ (4) Then,

  12. Arbitrary termination impedances (1) –> MTT-Trans (1999) Power division & isolation matching

  13. Arbitrary power division & termination impedances (2) –> MTT-Trans (1997) Lossless -> 3 port isolation & 1 port matched -> S31=0 & excitation for port 1 & put wave ratio = b1 : b2 = S21 : S41 Under the assumption S31=0, the characteristic admittances Y1, Y4 determined

  14. Arbitrary power division & termination impedances (2) –> MTT-Trans (1997) • excitation for port 3 • The dummy arms Y2 and Y3 makes port 2&4 isolation • If isolation is not ideal -> small power flows forward to port 3 • For these two waves to be isolated from port 1, two conditions must be satisfied. • The two waves must have a phase shift of 180degree against each other, • -> • The wave ratio must be b2 : b1 as shown left. • Reciprocal 하므로 m=n=p=k & b1:b2=1:1 => conventional ring hybrid

  15. Arbitrary power division & termination impedances (2) –> MTT-Trans (1997) Port 1 : n=1 -> 50 Ohm Port 2 : m=1.1 -> 45.45 Ohm Port 3 : p=0.7 -> 71.429 Ohm Port 4 : k=0.8 -> 62.5 Ohm Power spilt ratio : 2dB ( 20log(b1/b2) =2dB ) Simulation Result S21=-2.124dB , S41=-4.124dB S43=-2.124dB , S23=-4.124dB S31=-158..656dB , S42=-160.656dB Power division Isolation matching

  16. Conclusion • Power divider’s size may be reduce • ( less than quarter wave line, • & lumped element ) • We can remove matching network with Arbitrary termination Impedance & Arbitrary power division power divider. • -> realize small size system

  17. References • Three-Port 3-dB Power Divider Terminated by Different Impedances and Its Application to MMIC’s , IEEE MTT Trans. 1999 • Arbitrary Termination Impedances, Arbitrary Power Division, and Small-Sized Ring Hybrids, IEEE MTT Trans. 1997 • Miniaturized 3-dB ring hybrid terminated by arbitrary impedances, IEEE MTT Trans. 1994 • Design of new hybrid-ring, directional coupler using λ/8 or λ/6 sections, IEEE MTT Trans. 1991 • 180° lumped element hybrid, IEEE MTT-S.1989

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