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Lullingstone Villa

Lullingstone Villa. Location. Located in Kent Cantiaci / Cantii tribe Near Watling Street and Stane Street London Canterbury Chichester. Pre-Roman occupation. Wattle and daub Believed to have been a farming settlement Like this until c. 80AD

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Lullingstone Villa

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  1. Lullingstone Villa

  2. Location • Located in Kent • Cantiaci/Cantii tribe • Near Watling Street and Stane Street • London • Canterbury • Chichester

  3. Pre-Roman occupation • Wattle and daub • Believed to have been a farming settlement • Like this until c. 80AD • Suggests the farmer was being Romanised during the early stages of their rule

  4. First building • 80-90AD • Flint and mortar walls • Likely that help from the Empire was called upon due to probable lack of expertise in stone building in Britain • Basic rectangular structure • Thatched roof

  5. Circular Temple • Second Century AD construction • Small, only fifteen feet internal diameter • Red and yellow tessellated floor • Evidence for ritual fires • No altar or cult statue/devotions found • Dismantled in c.300AD to allow for the building of a larger structure

  6. Baths • Late second century addition • No apodyterium, would change in the frigidarium • Plunge pool included, but became shallower over time • Water taken from a twelve-feet deep well • No trace of hypocaust system remains

  7. Cult Rooms • Two rooms added in the second century • One room had its walls painted in red, yellow and green, of which many examples existed in Roman Gaul and Britain • The Deep Room was dedicated to the water goddess and extravagantly decorated • Back wall covered in fresco of three Water Nymphs • Walls in corridor, too, were painted, showing that this section of the second century villa was very important

  8. Who owned it? • Very wealthy • Abandoned in c. 200 AD • “Two marble busts from the 2nd century found in the cellar perhaps depict the owners or residents of the villa, which may have been the designated country retreat of the provincial governors. There is some evidence that the busts are those of Pertinax, governor of Britannia in 185-186, and his father”

  9. Third Century • Re-occupied in c.280 AD • Kitchen modified to be a tannery, with two pits dug into the chalk • Stairway to the Deep Room blocked • Room with heating system built atop the old staircase • Granary also constructed

  10. Fourth Century

  11. Temple-Mausoleum • Constructed c. 300 AD • Designed for burial of young man and woman • Focused around a cult statue with pillars surrounding it

  12. Mosaic floors • Laid down between c. 330 AD and Christianity • In the apse area which was newly built with a reception room and a dining room • Dining room mosaic depicts the abduction of Europa by Jupiter • Reception room mosaic depicts Bellerophon riding Pegasus killing the Chimeara

  13. Mosaics

  14. Christian Chapel • Owner seemingly embraced Christianity when it was introduced, as the rooms were built between c. 360-370 AD • Pillared portico painted on wall • Between pillars were depictions of praying Christians

  15. c. 400 AD, the buildings were destroyed in a devastating fire

  16. Thank You

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