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Diagnostic Studies on Acetaminophen Toxicosis in Dogs

Diagnostic Studies on Acetaminophen Toxicosis in Dogs. *Authors. 1-Shaymaa I. Salem, 2-Sherein S.A. Elgayed, 3-W.M. Kelany 1-Abeer A. Abd El-Baky. INTRODUCTION. Aim.

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Diagnostic Studies on Acetaminophen Toxicosis in Dogs

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  1. Diagnostic Studies on Acetaminophen Toxicosis in Dogs

  2. *Authors 1-Shaymaa I. Salem, 2-Sherein S.A. Elgayed, 3-W.M. Kelany 1-Abeer A. Abd El-Baky

  3. INTRODUCTION

  4. Aim • In our study, we didn’t find any Egyptian paper deal with the cytological findings associated with acetaminophen toxicity. • In addition to the present study aimed to determine which of the following tools; ultrasonographic, clinicopathological, cytological and histopathological examinations, were more rapid and accurate for the diagnosis of acetaminophen toxicity in its maximum therapeutic and toxic dose.

  5. MATERIALS AND METHODS

  6. 17 Mongrel dogs 5 dogs left without receiving any treatment as a control group 6 dogs received 128 mg kg-1 B.W as a maximum therapeutic dose of acetaminophen 6 dogs received 200 mg kg-1 B.W as a toxic dose of acetaminophen

  7. Experimental design • The experiment continued for 10 days, through which clinical signs, clinical examination and collection of samples from all groups were performed at the 3rd and 10th days post treatment

  8. Methods • All groups were subjected to: 1-Ultrasonographic examinations. 2-Clinicopathological examinations. 3-Cytological examinations. 4-Histopathological examinations.

  9. RESULTS

  10. Clinical signs 1-Anorexia. 2-Weight loss. 3-Weakness. 4-Tachypnea. 5-Dyspnea. 6-Icterus. 7-Hypothermia. 8-Lethargy and apathy. (appeared at 3rd day and more prounonced on 10th day in both 2nd and 3rd group) due to hemolytic anemia.

  11. Clinical examination 1-Significant increases in pulse and respiratory rates. 2-Rectal temperature (normal to subnormal). 3-Anterior abdominal pain with moderate liver enlargement 1 and 2 (appeared at 3rd day and more prounonced on 10th day in both 2nd and 3rd group) due to hemolytic anemia.

  12. Ultrasonographic Findings • Fig. (1)Scan-A: Normal sagittal scan of the liver (L) parenchyma appeared homogenous moderately hypoechoic interrupted by echolucent gall bladder and margined by hyperechoic diaphragm (D).

  13. Scan-B: Double B-scan displaying that echogenicity of the spleen was nearly isoechoic with or more echoic than liver parenchyma. Liver parenchyma was little bit more echoic than renal cortex of left kidney (L.K.) with prominence of echogenic portal vein walls at the same depth and gain settings (control dog).

  14. Scan-C: Hepatic scan of second group at the 3rd day (p.t) revealed moderate echoic liver parenchyma interrupted with anechoic gall bladder.

  15. Scan-D: Hepatic scan of third group at the 3rd day (p.t) showed moderate increase in echogenicity and less clearance of echogenic portal vein walls.

  16. Scan-E: Hepatic scan of second group at the 10th day (p.t) displayed marked diffuse hyper-echodensity and less clearance of echogenic portal vein wall.

  17. Scan-F: Sagittal double B-scan of liver, spleen and kidney of third group at the 10th day (p.t) revealed markedly diffuse hyper-echogenicity of hepatic parenchyma and disappearance of echogenic portal vein wall. Hepatic parenchyma showed marked increases in the echodensity than the spleen and renal cortex. Renal cortex displayed increased echodensity than spleen.

  18. Clinicopathological findings 1-Hemolytic anemia(HB, MCHC). Eccentrocyte, Hienz body. Stress leucocytosis then leucopenia. 2-Increases activities of liver enzymes as well as serum bilirubin, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine concentrations in all experimental dogs were observed (appeared at 3rd day and more prounonced on 10th day in both 2nd and 3rd group which more aggressive in 3rd group).

  19. CONCLUSION

  20. 1- the present study recommended that, acetaminophen should be used only in limited amounts for limited periods as its signs of toxicity appeared even with its therapeutic dose. 2-Ultrasonographic examination was a sensitive tool in defining the nature of lesions in most cases of mild acetaminophen toxicity. On the other hand, cytological findings should be correlated with hematological and serum biochemical examinations to avoid unrealistic expectations and over interpretation.

  21. Thank you

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