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The role of Moroccan women in the reformation of family code

The role of Moroccan women in the reformation of family code. Amina Lamrini and Rabiaa El Nasiri: The democratic association for the women of Morocco. Outline. The Moroccan context Reform: a reminder The family code entailments 4) The role of women movement in the achievement of reform

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The role of Moroccan women in the reformation of family code

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  1. The role of Moroccan women in the reformation of family code Amina Lamrini and Rabiaa El Nasiri: The democratic association for the women of Morocco adfm

  2. Outline • The Moroccan context • Reform: a reminder • The family code entailments • 4) The role of women movement in the achievement of reform • 5) Conclusion and horizons adfm

  3. 1 . THE CONTEXT adfm

  4. THE GREAT CHANGES SINCE INDEPENDANCE • The reform movement has defined a narrow framework for the liberation of women. • This conception lasted for many decades. • The creation of societies and official feminine associations to organize the participation of women in the political and public domain. This was supervised by male authority. adfm

  5. THE STAGES AND THE GREAT CHANGES SINCE INDEPENDANCE • THE SEVENTIES: SIGNS FOR POLITICAL UNFOLDMENT. • It was a decisive period in the modern independent morocco as: • The political parties were able to regain their activities and to organize women in societies supervised by them. • The emergence of new associations especially the associations that are soci-professional) and women clubs under the far left. adfm

  6. THE GREAT CHANGES/ PERIODS SINCE INDEPENDANCE The Eighties: the emergence of feminists societies. • The process of contemplation about the contradictions between the downgrading status of women and the political project concerning the liberation of the colonized people. • It was a cut from the past: the first social movement that considers women liberation a priority and the objective of its struggle. adfm

  7. . THE CIRCUMSTANCES SURRONDING THE EMERGENCE OF THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT IN MOROCCO • Several elements contributed in the emergence of the female societies as organizational structures and an independent ideology • The united Nations agreement on Woman in 1985-1976 and the approval of the agreement of SIDAW 1979. • The multiplicity of the studies and the writings about women and by women and with the increase of the awareness of the realities of Moroccan women. • The inability of the leftist parties to have a true adoption of the women issues(The priority were for the class conflicts and democracy). adfm

  8. THE MOST IMPORTANT DEMOCRATIC GAINS • The reinforcement of women participation in the centers of the public and political decision-making of political parties( The quota was adopted on the level of the leading committee in the political parties, a rise of the ratio of women MPs from 0.6 to 10.6%) • The modification of the criminal code( 2002 / 2003)to ease the level of discrimination and guarantee more protection of women from violence. adfm

  9. THE MOST IMPORTANT DEMOCRATIC GAINS • The modification of the labor law ( 2003)to prevent discrimination in work and to consider sexual harassment a the grave fault. • The modification of the personal affairs code and issuing the prisoners law on 2004. Due to the campaign that occurred during the last reform and its effect, the presentation will focus on: • In a first stage: On the dynamism that led to the reform. • In the second stage: on the role that the the feminist movement played. adfm

  10. 2. FAMILY CODE REGFORM: A REMINDER adfm

  11. FAMILY CODE REGFORM: A REMINDER  THE GREAT PHASES. • 1958: Documentation: legislations that serves discrimination and see women as immature • 1982, 1968,61: failed attempts • 1993: the first reform: a superficial reform-removal of the sacredness • 1999: outlining a plan for the integration of women in development. • 2000: considering the plan as devilish. • 2004: a step towards a fair legislation • The history of feminist movement was a struggle for a fair family code. adfm

  12. THE CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS • 3/1998: forming a government that was made from opposition parties ( left and middle) • 4/1999: presenting the national plan for the integration of women in development from the prime minister. • 7/1999 A violent reaction from the part of the Islamists and the union of Ulamas. The Death of the king Hassan II adfm

  13. THE CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS • The network: 200 associations has made an unprecedented campaign to defend the procedures related to the family code. • The beginning of unprecedented campaign ( 1999-2004): a national discussion while the political and social players revealed their views regarding the requests of the feminists movement. • 5/03/2001: the king receives a Spanish delegation • 26/4/2001: the king selects a consultative committee. adfm

  14. 3. THE MAJOR REFORMS adfm

  15. THE MAJOR REFORMS A new philosophy: • From the concept of "spending in exchange of obedience to the concept of " sharing the responsibility between the married couple. A new language: • Cleaning the text from humiliating expressions. New Style: • A text that can be understood by the common people. adfm

  16. THE MAJOR REFORMS • The abolition of WILAYA in marriage. • Making the family under the shared care of the married couple. • Equality between the male and the female at the age of marriage(18) adfm

  17. THE MAJOR REFORMS • Reforming the procedures of divorce in favor of the couple ( the code of agreed divorce). • The equality between the grandchildren male and female in Inheritance of the grandparents. • Making polygamy close to impossible ( while keeping the principle). adfm

  18. 4. - THE ROLE OF FEMINIST MOVEMENT IN ACHIEVING REFORM adfm

  19. THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE CASE PRESENTATION CAMPAIGN OF THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT: THE MAIN DATES. • March,16, 2001-Establishing the committee of RABIA ALMOSAWAT ( Equality's spring) during the meeting of the representatives of women societies with the king. • The committee sent to the king a memorandum about the reform of the family code. • June/ 2001- March/2002: The campaign to present the case presentation in front of the consultative committee. • Creating the guidelines of equality for the family and publishing it for the main political activists in the society. • September/2002- June/2003: The political campaign: the presentation of the case presentation to the political parties( Signing the call for RABIA ALMOSAWAT(Equality's spring). • January/2003: The king changed the committee's president. • January/ September,2003: The committee continued the campaign of case presentation and made a communicative campaign to the large masses. • October 10,2003: The king announced the project of family code in front of the parliament. • November,2003: The women's movement presented their case in front of the Parliament. • -February,3 the Parliament agreed to the family code. adfm

  20. THE FACTORS THAT MADE THE FAMILY CODE CHANGE POSSIBLE The keys TO success: • Setting up the main core: the committee of "equality's spring" -associations that shares the main objectives. • common vision: performing a memorandum that summarized the the agreed content. • Good preparation of evidence: Benefiting from studies and field research. • Working on the legal suggestions. • Using the sociological and jurisprudential argument. • Precision of the influential players that have a certain role in the case. • Planning for the incoming events. adfm

  21. THE FACTORS THAT MADE THE FAMILY CODE CHANGE POSSIBLE The evidence is (the Reference issue) Family legislating based on equality principe. Group 95 the Moroccan for equality. adfm

  22. THE FACTORS THAT MADE THE FAMILY CODE CHANGE POSSIBLE The keys to success: • Creating a large alliances during strong campaign circumstances: based on the issues that we defend and not based on narrow ideologies. • Making communicative campaigns targeted at various categories and adapted to different stages of case presentation. adfm

  23. THE FACTORS THAT MADE THE FAMILY CODE CHANGE POSSIBLE • The evidence: The main introduction: The realistic problems resulted from the family code. • Selecting cases taken from the cases that come to the care centers. - Common in the society. - Close to the people. - Effective. adfm

  24. توعية الجمهور الواسع الترافع لدى أصحاب القرار THE FACTORS THAT MADE THE FAMILY CODE CHANGE POSSIBLE • Determining the general strategy: The forms of effectiveness. • increasing the awareness of the large masses • presenting the case to decision makers. adfm

  25. THE FACTORS THAT MADE THE CHANGES OF FAMILY CODE POSSIBLE • Success keys: a pragmatic approach • Reform is necessary: from the social aspect. • Reform is necessary: from the religious aspect. adfm

  26. THE FACTORS THAT MADE THE CHANGES OF FAMILY CODE POSSIBLE • Success keys: campaign, communicative, purposeful and professional: radio, TV, press,posters. • Two major ideas: • 1-uncovering the contradictions of the society ( an intellectual • dimension): • morocco and the economic development • morocco and the development of new technologies • morocco and democracy ( on the verge of 2002 • elections)while women are deprived of their basic • rights. • 2- uncovering the reality of discrimination that woman suffer • from ( an influential emotional dimension) • - The four cases. adfm

  27. CONCLUSION AND HORIZONS adfm

  28. THE WOMEN MOVEMENT AS A PROPOSITIONAL FORCE • The case presentation strategies adopted by the women movement regarding all. • The issues they worked on have been characterized by: • The emergence of the movement as a prepositional force • Adopting radical requests • Adopting pragmatism during negotiations adfm

  29. THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN MOVEMENT IN THE CURRENT POLITICAL UNFOLDMENT • The women movement has participated in the reformation of the relationship between the state and the citizen: new democratic practices, accepting dialogue,negotiation • The emergence of new women elite that have the qualifications to enable the NATIONAL ( MOWATINA) participation of women. • forming relations with structure and organizations: political parties, Unions, developmental associations, organizations of human rights, professional organizations, •   Thought provocation and enhancing the practices towards the independence of the movement which has affected positively the other organizations of the civil society. adfm

  30. HORIZONS Keys for progress are: • Strengthening the role and the effectiveness of the law • Strengthening and widening the gains of the last years: the legal and the actual equality. • Reforming educational curriculum to adapt to the criteria and the values of human rights. • Clarifying the position of religion in the political and general public fields • Strengthening freedom of speech and forming associations by making the state • Recognize the role of civil societies ( based on equality, transparency, and • respect the independence of the associations and encourage them) adfm

  31. HORIZONS • enhancing the capacities of women movements to campaign within new social layers • (women in the rural areas, youngsters, women in difficult situation..) • increasing the identity of the movement and its independence towards the state and political players. • strengthening the capacity of the the movement to work within a complementary framework instead of competition. • Developing strategic alliances within the framework of partnerships to increase its influence. • Continuing to include the issue of internal democracy and renewal of associations leaderships as one of the priorities to achieve practices carrying an actual change. adfm

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