Preconception Health

Preconception Health • Annual Gynecologist Visits • Nutrition/Exercise - ↑ caloric intake by ___ • STI Prevention/Treatment • Drug/Alcohol Abuse/Use • ______________________– small head, wide spaced eyes, heart problems, etc. • _________- ↑ intake to help avoid Spina Bifida

Fertilization & Implantation • Sperm reach egg within ___________ • Fertilization usually occurs ______________ • 24-30 hours after fertilization genetic material is joined, forming _______ • 36 hours – 2 cells • 48 hours – 4 cells • 4 days – ___________ • 7-8 days after fertilization, the blastocyst can attach to the endometrium • Fetus at ________

Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy • Amenorrhea- _____________________ • Change in Breast Tissue • _______________________ • Increased __________ of Urination • Fatigue

Signs & Symptoms Continued • Moodiness • Quickening – ____________________ • Braxton-Hicks Contractions – ___ ______________ • Acid Reflux – ______________________ • Appetite/cravings

Doctor’s Observations • Change in Reproductive Organs • _______________________ • Fetal Heart Beat Fetal monitor • ____________________ • Fetal Movements • Fetal Outline • Gender Determination It's a boy

Laboratory Tests • Urine or Blood Testing • Home Pregnancy Tests Doctor will confirm • What do they test for? • ___________________________ • When is the baby due?

Prenatal Care • A woman should see her doctor after the second missed period • __________– pregnancy, sugar, & protein • Blood Test – pregnancy, RH factor, ________ __________________________ • Nutrition • ______ using any hormonal contraceptive methods • Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, drugs

Common Disorders • ________ _______ • Leg Cramp • Varicose Veins • ___________ _______ • Flatulence • ______________ • Palpitations • Fainting • Drug and Food Sensitivity • ____________ • Hemorrhoids

Danger Signals During Pregnancy • Vaginal bleeding • Manifestations of toxemia • ____________ – protein in urine, high BP, swelling in hands/feet that doesn’t clear • Eclampsia – next stage – ____________ _______________________________ • Labor contractions • Amniotic Sac breaking • Lower fetal kick count – _____________

Complications • __________ - Before 25 wks • Premature Birth - ___________________ • ________________– Fertilized egg in FT • Placenta Previa – Placenta too low • Premature Placenta Separation – placenta ___________________from uterus • Placenta Abruption – _______________ ______________

Amniotic Sac • Also known as ___________ • At delivery the sac contains 1-2 quarts of fluid • Helps _________________________ • Cushions fetus • Provides a medium • At ________fetal respiration occurs • What is this? – __________ • Amniocentesis – 15-17 wks, taken to check for any _______________

Placenta • Organ that transports nutrition and oxygen from mother to fetus and transports waste products from fetus to mother • _______ – Food substances to fetus, stores nutrients • Respiration – Brings ___, takes away _____ • ______ – Filters out ________ (not viruses) • Hormones – _______, progesterone, gonadotropin (maintain pregnancy) • _____ – keeps mother’s and _________ blood separate (blood does not mix)

Umbilical Cord • Connects the Fetus and ________ • Develops at ________ • Long semitransparent “rope” containing one vein and two arteries • Surrounded by jelly-like substance to protect it • What passes through? • Viruses, medications/drugs, alcohol, nicotine, hormones, etc.

1st Trimester • Weeks 1-12 • Zygote – __________ • __________ – multi-celled at 4 days, implanted within 8 days • Embryo – ___________________ • At the end of 2nd month-1.2 inches long, the head represents half of the embryo’s bulk and ____________(eyes, ears, nose, lips, tongue) are present • The third month – It is now a _____, is about 3 inches, and has nails and genitals can be seen.

2nd Trimester • Beginning of the 4th month • ______ month is the time for the ________ amount of fetal growth • Quickening begins • What is this? • End of the 5th month – _____ • Head hair and ________________ • The fetus sleeps, wakes, and has preferred body positions • In the 6th month the body is covered with ____ ____, the eyes become ___________, and it can hear uterine sounds.

3rd Trimester • The baby begins to position itself for _____ • The fetus is much more baby like • By the end of the 7th month the baby can survive _______________ • At the end of the 8th month the fetus is over __ ____, skin redness, and wrinkles lessen. • The _____ reach the end of fingers and toes. • Between week 38-40 the head is _________ _____and the fine hair has almost disappeared being replaced by vernix (waxy substance)

Different Types of Birth • _________ – • Caesarean – can be ________ or planned, reasons? • _______ – Baby’s _____________1st • Multiple Births • ________ – 1 egg, 1 sperm, Can be same or separate ___ • Fraternal – 2 __________________and AS • _____________– start contractions or break water

Labor • Begins due to hormonal changes • Early signs • _________ – uterus drops ↓, ______ before delivery • ______ levels off or ↓ in last 2 wks • Nesting – “setting up the house” • Actual signs • AS breaking ______________ • The appearance of “show” • Contractions ↑ in _________________

Stage One • Dilation of Cervix • _________of cervix occurs due to the uterine contractions • Starts with the first contractions • Ends when the cervix is _____

Stage 2 • Actual Delivery of baby • Crowning • __________ – can be done to enlarge vaginal opening Stage 3 • Delivery of afterbirth

Apgar Test • ______________ after birth • The baby is tested on the following and given a score. 10 is the highest, 7 is determined to be healthy • ___________ • Respiration • Muscle tone • ______________ • Color

Preconception Health