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Separation Techniques

Separation Techniques. Physical Methods for Separating Mixtures. Filtration. A method of physically separating a heterogeneous mixture of a liquid and a solid. Carried out by pouring mixture into a funnel with filter paper in it. Filtrate (liquid) is collected in the beaker below the funnel.

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Separation Techniques

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  1. Separation Techniques Physical Methods for Separating Mixtures

  2. Filtration • A method of physically separating a heterogeneous mixture of a liquid and a solid. • Carried out by pouring mixture into a funnel with filter paper in it. • Filtrate (liquid) is collected in the beaker below the funnel. • Solid residue is collected in the filter paper.

  3. Filtration

  4. Distillation • A method of physically separating a homogeneous mixture by differences in their boiling points. • Carried out by heating up the solution until the first substance boils and goes to the gaseous state. • Gas is collected and condensed back into the liquid state in a separate container. • Solid residue (or a second liquid with a higher boiling point) is collected in the original container.

  5. Distillation

  6. Chromatography • A method of physically separating a mixture based on differences in solubility of the components. • Types of chromatography include: • Paper chromatography. • Gas-liquid chromatography. • Thin-layer chromatography.

  7. Chromatography

  8. Centrifugation • A method of physically separating a mixture based on differences in density. • Sample is spun at high speeds in tubes placed in a machine called a centrifuge: • The most dense substance falls to the bottom layer. • The least dense substance forms the top layer.

  9. Centrifugation

  10. Decanting • A method of physically separating the top layer of a liquid from a mixture. • Carried out by placing a stirring rod on top of container and slowing pouring liquid over rod. • Top layer is poured into new container. • Bottom layer remains in original container.

  11. Decanting

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