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Enhancing Driver Self-Evaluation Skills for Novice Drivers: Research Findings

This article discusses the importance of self-evaluation skills in driver education, presenting research findings from schemes aimed at developing these skills. Results show improvements in instructor knowledge and ability to address factors affecting young novice drivers.

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Enhancing Driver Self-Evaluation Skills for Novice Drivers: Research Findings

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  1. Does it work! Ian Edwards

  2. Questions I am asked • Does it work? • Why bother? • What’s the difference? • Prove it?

  3. Background • The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD p.14) report, ‘Young Drivers: The Road to Safety’ (2006) identified inexperience as being the: ‘universal problem’ • If this is correct then there is a very strong case to investigate how a driver can be trained with a view to accelerating the experiential learning process.

  4. Goals for Driver EducationKeskinen et al 2010

  5. The research question • What exactly is self-evaluation? • Can self-evaluation skills be developed through a targeted intervention? • Do ADIs understand how the GDE links specifically to young novice drivers and, if not, can this be developed?

  6. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory • Explains how we learn from our experience but does have some limitations • Namely it explains the process but not how an instructor can help someone develop their ability to learn through their experience • “Experience does not necessarily lead to learning: there needs to be an active engagement with it” Boud (1995, p.0)

  7. Self-evaluation A model of self-evaluation Edwards 2010 • Self-monitoring - The ability to impartially monitor personal performance • Self-awareness – The ability to identify learning triggers (strengths and weaknesses) • Self-analysis – The ability to develop options for development • Self-development – The ability to implement a plan based on analysis of the options

  8. Evaluation Two schemes evaluated: • Get in Gear – post-test scheme delivered by Buckinghamshire County Council • Engage Merseyside – In-car scheme during driving lessons

  9. l Get in Gear Course • 6 hour course consisting of: • 2 hour workshop • 4 hour in-car driving • Looked to develop self-evaluation skills in both the class-based and in-car elements • Instructors trained to develop these skills based on the use of coaching techniques (Training delivered by eDriving Solutions) • A number of coaching techniques used, including ‘Scaling’ and Self-monitoring exercises

  10. Method • Video-based measure used to assess self-evaluation skills related to Level 2 of the GDE matrix - Integrating with traffic • Benchmarking of 20 clips • Clips shown to driving instructors (N = 99) and novice drivers (N= 32) • Of the 20 clips shown the ADI group rated 7 significantly (p<.05) different to the novice driver group • In all clips the ADI group gave a lower rating than the novice driver group

  11. Measure

  12. Measure

  13. Results - Speed • ANOVA Results: • Time1 Time2  F(1,27)=6.822, p=0.02 • Time2 Time3  F(1,27)=0.131, p=0.720 • Time1 Time3  F(1,27)=4.155, p=0.05

  14. Limitations • The results are limited: • No control group • Small sample • However, what this piece of research may indicate is that self-evaluation, at least related to Driving in Traffic, can be measured and therefore can be reliably developed by a trainer • This is an important area of research if inexperience is indeed the ‘universal problem’

  15. Engage • Evaluation looked at the Instructor element of the scheme • 3 hour training session on GDE and coaching • Pre and 6 weeks post-course questionnaire used to measure knowledge and understanding of the topic related to coaching and to the higher levels of the GDE: • Fatigue • Distraction • Alcohol and drugs • Emotions

  16. Results • 5 statements looked at fatigue, all 5 moved in the desired direction (p>.05) • Example: Newly qualified drivers are very prone to the effects of fatigue. • Pre-course M= 2.93, SD 1.17, Post-course M = 3.7, SD =99, t = -3.08, df26, p = 0.05

  17. Results • Similar results were found with regards to: • Peer pressure - all 3 statements moved significantly in the desired direction (p>.05) • Medication and alcohol - all 3 statements moved (p>.05) in the desired direction • Emotions – all 2 statements moved in the desired direction (p>.05) • No movement was found with regards to distraction – 3 questions

  18. Results The majority of instructors felt that: • The training was beneficial (92%) • They had altered their training methods as a result of the training they had received (67%) • That the training had made them consider other issues they had not considered pre-training (79%) • They would recommend the training to other instructors (87%) • They would like to see a similar scheme to this rolled out nationally (100%)

  19. Conclusions • Taken together these results would indicate: • that is possible, using the right approach, to improve a driver’s self-evaluation skills • Instructor knowledge related to distraction is good • Some driving instructors have a low level of knowledge related to how a number of factors impact specifically on young novice drivers related to peer pressure, fatigue, alcohol other drugs. • That a short intervention can have a significant impact on driving instructors related to the GDE matrix

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