Seven Research Based Principles

1. Prior knowledge can help or hinder learning Organization of knowledge influences learning and application Motivation determines, directs, and sustains learning Mastery requires acquiring, integrating, and applying component skills Goal-directed practice coupled with targeted feedback enhances student learning Students’ level of development interacts with course social, emotional, & intellectual climate to impact learning Students must learn to monitor and adjust their approaches to learning to be self-directing Seven Research Based Principles Ambrose et al., 2010

2. “Motivation determines, directs, and sustains learning” • Many ways to think about motivation, key ideas for classroom are: • Expectancy x Value (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002) • What students need to maintain motivation • Goal Theory (Locke & Latham, 2002) • Goldilocks approach to teaching • Mindset (Dweck, 2006) • How students think about their learning matters

3. “Students’ level of development interacts with course social, emotional, & intellectual climate to impact learning” • Student Engagement • Students need to interact with their peers (Summers & Svinicki, 2007) and feel a part of a community (Tinto, 2006) • Authentic content • Problems should be real and meaningful (Ambrose et al., 2010)

4. Effective Learning Occurs When Faculty address: • Students prior knowledge • students aren’t blank slates • How content is organized • Helps students build a framework • Provide students with opportunities to practice • Provide timely and targeted feedback • Where formative assessment can help • Scaffold the problems • minimize cognitive overload From Ambrose et al., 2010

5. “Students must learn to monitor and adjust their approaches to learning to be self-directing” • Metacognition is the process of reflecting on and directing one’s own thinking (Pellegrino et al., 2001) Self-Assessment Self-Regulation Self-Directed Learning Model (Lukes & McConnell, 2014; Zimmerman, 2001) Planning Regulation Reflection Action

6. Stage View Instructional Activity • Initial Reflection: • Record what you think this graph is telling you. What questions do you have as you look at the graph? • Use yes/no cards to share your thoughts with your neighbor

7. Stage View Instructional Activity • In groups of 3-4 grab a packet on: • Sea Surface Temperatures/wind • Air Pressure • Precipitation • Assign a recorder, a clarifier, and a timer (you have ~18 minutes for this part of the activity) [if 4th: questioner] • Make sure everyone in your group is comfortable with how you’ve answered the questions. Be prepared to be able to explain what you did to someone else.

8. Stage View Instructional Activity • Jigsaw it up! 1) Based on your Hovmöller diagram, is examining the Northern Hemisphere winter months (January, February, March) just as informative as looking at the annual cycle? Why or why not? 2) Write a brief statement summarizing the connection between temperature, pressure, and precipitation in the tropical Pacific.

9. Balcony View Creating an Effective Research-Based Lesson • Each group will be assigned a different research-based topic on which to focus a lens on this lesson • Examine the ways this lesson did or did not support student learning (1), engagement (2), motivation (3), or metacognition (4) (depending on your assigned topic) • Brainstorm with your group members ways the activity did and ways it did not address your particular research-based approach of focus. • You have 15 minutes to generate your list and then we will share out our thoughts.

10. Balcony View Creating an Effective Research-Based Lesson • Reflect on each of these research-based topics: • Write down how you could incorporate aspects of this lesson into your own teaching practices (refer back to your action plan). • What do you see as the major barriers to implementing these ideas? • If time allows, share your thoughts with your neighbor (use yes/no cards)