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Motives for European Exploration

Motives for European Exploration. Expansion of Trade A. Crusades opened Europe up to the riches and technology of the Far and Middle East. B. Northern Italy – Venice, Genoa dominated Far East trade C. Travels of Marco Polo (not the swimming pool game) stimulated interest in Asia

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Motives for European Exploration

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  1. Motives for European Exploration

  2. Expansion of Trade • A. Crusades opened Europe up to the riches and technology of the Far and Middle East. • B. Northern Italy – Venice, Genoa dominated Far East trade • C. Travels of Marco Polo (not the swimming pool game) stimulated interest in Asia • D. Hanseatic League – German and Scandinavian cities along the Baltic Sea • E. Products and profits from Asia (silks, spices) spurred interest in Far East trade. Remember the Silk Road from World History class • F. Expansion of the Merchant Class in Europe – new source of wealth and power to support kings which assisted in weakening the power of feudal lords.

  3. Far East Trade Routes – 1400s

  4. Technology • A. Compass – navigation tool for finding direction on the ocean • B. Gunpowder – military advantage for subduing native peoples • C. Astrolabe – navigation tool using the stars to locate ones’ position in the ocean • D. caravel (ship) – hull design and sails allowed ships to sail the oceans • E. moveable type – Gutenberg press allowed information to spread more easily • F. cartography – map making improved • G. Prince Henry (Portugal) – founded a navigation school

  5. Technology that aided navigation and exploration Compass Astrolabe Caravel Ship

  6. Rise of Nation States • Spain – Ferdinand and Isabella (Reconquista 1492) • England – Elizabeth I • France • Geography – Atlantic replaces Mediterranean as center of trade A) Nations involved in global exploration and trade all had Atlantic Ocean ports – Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands (Dutch)

  7. Unification of Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella and the Reconquista

  8. Renaissance and Humanism – revival started new way of thinking that human possibilities were unlimited, spurred new schools • Portuguese Explorers – African gold and slaves • A. Bartholomew Diaz – Cape of Good Hope 1488 • B. Vasco da Gama – India 1498 • Columbus – “Enterprise of the Indies” • A. Four voyages (Caribbean) • B. Reports of wealth and slaves (Indians) spurs the Spanish invasion of America • C. Intercontinental Exchange or Columbian Exchange • D. AmerigoVespucci – Italian geographer whose name is the source of the word America, one of the first to theorize that the New World was not part of Asia.

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