AmerEnglish

1. AmerEnglish Live Free / Speak Free PRESENTS

2. Exercises 7, 8, 9, & 10 Introduction What are the Modal Verbs Exercises 4, 5, & 6 Modal Verbs for Ability Exercises 1, 2, & 3 Modal Verbs Can, Could, May & Might, Must, Should, Would Modal Verbs for Advice Modal verbs are used to make polite requests. Modal verbs to show obligation or necessity Modal verbs are used to ask for permission. Modal verbs used to show possibility

3. Introduction What are Modal Verbs? First of all, what does MODAL mean? modal= expressing mood.mood= a way to express the attitude of the speaker to what is being said. Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences: 1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person. Examples: He can speak Chinese. She should be here by 9:00.

4. 2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past. Examples: He should not be late. They might not come to the party. 3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses. Examples: He will can go with us. Not Correct She musted study very hard. Not Correct Modal Verbs are an important part of learning English. They are important because they are very common in writing and conversation. Also, they are used in all verb tenses. All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals. Unlike other auxiliary verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence. Be, do, and have also differ from the other auxiliaries in that they can also serve as ordinary verbs in a given sentence.

5. What are they? Here's a list of the modal verbs in English: can could may might will would must shall should ought to Modals are different from normal verbs: 1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular.2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?').3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to'). For the purposes of this presentation, I have included some expressions which are not modal verbs including had better, have to, and have got to. These expressions are closely related to modals in meaning and are often interchanged with them.

6. Examples What is special about the modal verbs? They are special because they behave differently from other verbs in English: 1. English modal verbs are used together with the base form of another verb. Examples:"He mightcome late." "You mayleave if you wish.""We mustfinish this on time."

7. 2. English modal verbs have only one form. You don't add "-ing", "-ed" or "-s" to them. Examples:Correct: "We must go now."Incorrect:"We are musting go now."Correct:"They said we could park here."Incorrect:"They said we coulded park here."Correct:"She can help us."Incorrect: "She cans help us."

8. 3. To form questions use the modal verb itself, but change the order. Examples:"He canfix the car tomorrow."Correct: "Can he fix the car tomorrow?"Incorrect:"Does he can fix the car tomorrow?""We should start packing our things."Correct:"Should we start packing our things?"Incorrect:"Do we should start packing our things?""She will be ten years old next month"Correct:"Will she be ten years old next month?"Incorrect:"Does she will be ten years old next month?"

9. 4. To form negative sentences use the modal verb itself and add "not" or "n't" to it. Examples:"He can run fast enough."Correct:"He can't run fast enough."Incorrect: "He doesn't can run fast enough.""She could lift a feather."Correct:"She could not lift a feather."Incorrect:"She did not could lift a feather.""I thought he would come."Correct:"I thought he wouldn't come."Incorrect: "I thought he did not would come."

10. Modal Verbs for Ability There are three modal verbs used to show ability: Can Could Be Able To Examples: Present I can play the guitar. She can speak German. *Can is always followed by a base verb.

11. Past I could sing very well when I was young. She could read when she was 2 years old. Future I will be able to drive a car in 2 years. He will be able to buy a house next year. "Able to" is used with many other verb tenses. Take a look at these examples: I have been able to visit many countries in my life. I used to be able to dance the Tango. I will have been able to finish by tomorrow.

12. Negatives Negatives are formed by using "not". I can not play piano. She can't play piano.She could not finish her homework last night. They couldn't finish their homework last night.I will not be able to go to the party tonight. Susan won't be able to go to the party tonight.

13. Questions Questions are formed by changing the order of the words. Can you drive a car? Could he swim? Will Doug be able to bring his boots? Notice that "will be able to" is separated when used in a question: Will he be able to finish on time?

14. Modal Verbs for Advice Modal Verbs are used to give advice or suggestions. There are two modal verbs used for advice: Should and Would. Should Should is used for advice in the present. The structure is as follows: Subject + Should + Base Verb • You shouldeat healthy food. • You shouldexercise every day.

15. Should is used for advice in the past. Here is the structure: Should + Have + Past Participle • You shouldhavegone to the party. • She shouldhavestudied more often. It is common to use "should" to give negative advice. In this case, add "not". • You should not smoke. • You should not eat too much candy. The contraction is "shouldn't". • You shouldn't drive too fast.

16. Would The modal verb "would" is used to give advice. In this situation, the speaker is giving hypothetical advice as if he/she were the listener. Here are some examples: • If I were you, I would return the book. • If I were you, I would not wear that jacket. It is not always necessary to include "If I were you". • I wouldn't eat that. • I would choose the red shoes.

17. Normally, would is used to talk about yourself, and should is used to talk about someone else. Example: • I would study tonight if I were you. • You should study tonight. It is also common to ask for advice using these modal verbs: • What should I do? • What would you do?

18. Modal verbs to show obligation or necessity There are two modal verbs to show obligation or necessity. • Must • Have to Must Must is for simple present and usually shows general obligations. • Travelers must show their passport before boarding a plane. • You must use a pencil on the test. It is formal and normally used only in writing. • All employees must wear proper safety equipment.

19. Have to “Have to” is not an actual modal verb, but it is used like a modal. You must conjugate the verb "have" depending on the time and subject. • I have to work tomorrow. • She has to work tomorrow. It is used in all tenses. • I had to work last night. • She has had to work every day this week. "Have to" is less formal than Must and is common in conversation.

20. Must not and Don't have to "Must not" and "don't have to" are completely different, and their meanings are often confused. Must not" is a negative obligation and shows something that is prohibited. Example: You must not eat in the computer room. (Food in the computer room is prohibited.) "Don't have to" shows something that is not necessary. Example: I don't have to work today. (Working is not necessary.)

21. Modal verbs are used to ask for permission. The two verbs used are May, Could, and Can. May May is a polite modal verb used to ask for permission. Here are some examples: • May I use a calculator on the test? • May I have another piece of cake? The polite answers using may are as follows: • Yes, you may. • No, you may not.

22. Could Could is also used to ask for permission. It is less formal than using may. Here are some examples with could: • Could I have some more juice? • Could I bring a friend to the party? Can Can is the least formal of the modal verbs used to ask permission. Here are some examples with can: • Can I play music? • Can I wear shorts?

23. The examples above are all with "I". This is because it is most common to ask permission for yourself. However, it is possible to ask permission for another person: • May she bring a friend? • Could he try again? • Can they sleep here? The examples are also all questions. These are very common. But you can also give permission. Here are some examples: • You may sleep on the sofa. • You can wear my jacket.

24. Modal verbs used to show possibility There are several modal verbs used to show possibility. They are Might, May, Could, and Must. All of these are different ways to say maybe. STRUCTURE Modal Verb + Base Verb Examples: • I may eat dinner at 7:00pm. • She might work late tonight. • They must be tired.

25. May May shows possibility in the present or the future. Present: Where are my keys? They may be in the car.Future: I may go to the party tonight. May is formal and is often found in writing. Side effects of this medication may include an upset stomach or fever. Might Might shows possibility in the present or future. • Where are my keys? They might be in the car. • I might go to the party tonight. Might is less formal than may, and is more common in conversation.

26. Could Could shows that something is possible in the present or future. Present: Where are my keys? They could be in the car.Future: We could go to the party tonight. Could shows options or possibility. • If I won the lottery I could buy a house. I could also buy a car. Must Must shows certainty, or the belief of certainty, from the speaker. Certain: Everyone is wearing a jacket. It must be cold. Belief of certainty: He was running for 2 hours. He must be tired. (Although it seems obvious, it is not a fact that the runner is tired.)

27. Have to Have to shows certainty, or the belief of certainty, from the speaker. Certain: Everyone is wearing a jacket. It has to be cold. Belief of certainty: He was running for 2 hours. He has to be tired. (Although it seems obvious, it is not a fact that the runner is tired.) Have to is much less formal than must, and is common in conversation.

28. Past Possibility May, Might, and Could are all used to show possibility in the past. Here is the structure: Modal Verb + Have + Past Participle • He might have brought the cake. • She may have gone home early. • They could have worked late. Must can be used in the same way to show certainty in the past. • He must have won the game.

29. Might Not vs. Could Not Although Might and Could express possibility in a similar way, the negative forms of Might and Could are different. Might not shows that something probably is not true. These books might not be the teachers. Might notshows that something probably will not happen in the future. I might not go to the party tonight. Could not shows that something is impossible. • This could not be the only book available. • She could not know who my friend is. They have never met.

30. Modal verbs are used to make polite requests Can & Could Can and Could are modal verbs used with other verbs to make requests. Can/Could + Subject + Verb • Can you help me? • Could you open the door? Can is used to make a basic request. • Can you pass me the salt? • Can you turn off the radio?

31. Could is more polite than can, but has the same function. • Could you pass me the salt? • Could you turn off the radio? Can/Could are used to turn basic orders into questions. This is a much more polite way of asking for something rather than making an imperative command. Give me the salt => Can you pass me the salt?Turn off the radio => Could you turn off the radio?

32. Would Would is used with the verb like. It is a polite way to say want. I want a drink. (Direct)I would like a drink. (Polite) Would you like is used to make offers. • Would you like something to drink? • Would you like another coffee? I would like is used to make polite requests. I would like another glass of water please. We can also use I would love, I would really like, I would enjoy, etc.

33. Can, Could, May & Might, Must, Should, Would Could Should Can M & M Would Must

34. Can Can is used to show ability. Can is a modal verb, and it conjugates as follows: Can is used to show ability Can is used to make requests: • I can play the piano. • I could play the piano 10 years ago. • I will be able to play the piano when I finish my piano class. • Can you pass the salt please? • Can you turn off the music?

35. Could Could is an important modal verb in English. It is used for ability, possibility, and requests. Could for Ability "Could" is the past tense of "can." These modals are used to show ability. Examples: Present: I can play guitar.Past: I could play guitar when I was younger. As a negative, it is "could not", and is contracted as "couldn't". Examples: • I could not finish my work yesterday. • I couldn't swim when I was a child.

36. Could for Requests "Could" is used to make polite requests. Examples: • Could you please pass the salt? • Could you turn down the music? Could for Possibility Often, "could" is used to express a degree of possibility. For example: • It could rain today, but I am not sure. • That could be Tom's brother. He looks like Tom.

37. "Could" is also used in the 2nd conditional and 3rd conditional to show possibility and ability. Examples: • If I had more money, I could buy a new car. • Or….I could buy a house; I could buy a boat, etc. • If I were older I could drive. (Have the ability)

38. May & Might May and Might are modal verbs that are used to show possibility. They act like the word "maybe". This means the speaker is not sure of the outcome. Example: Tom: Will you go to the party tonight?Kathy: Maybe.ORTom: Will you go to the party tonight?Kathy: I might go to the party tonight.

39. May and Might are used in conditional sentences, especially the 2nd Conditional and the 3rd Conditional. Example: If I won the lottery, I might travel. However, I don’t know for sure. I might also buy a house. The difference between may and might is that may is more formal.

40. Must Must is a modal verb used to show obligation. Like all modal verbs, must is followed by a base verb: MUST + BASE VERB Examples: • He must go to class today. • They must work tomorrow. Must is also used to show possibility, and is used in situations where the speaker is very certain. Examples: • He ate 3 pieces of cake. He must like cake. • They worked for 12 hours today. They must be tired.

41. Should Should is one of the most important modal verbs in English. STRUCTURE Present Subject + Should + Base Verb • She should study more often. • They should go inside. Past Subject + Should + Have + Past Participle • She should have studied more often. • We should be quiet.

42. USESRecommendations • You should see the new Spiderman movie. • You should try this ice cream. • Advice • You should eat less sugar. • You should not smoke. • Obligation • I should get back to work. • We shouldn't be here.

43. QuestionsReverse should and the verb to ask questions:Advice • Should I study chapter 1 or chapter 2? • How should I invest my money? • Expectations • Should the dog be allowed in the house? Should is commonly found in English conditionals.

44. Would Would is an important modal verb in English. It is one of the most commonly used modals.Here are some of its uses:Polite form of Want"Want" is often too direct, and can sometimes be rude. "Would" is more indirect and also more polite.Instead of "Do you want...?", say "Would you like...?"Examples:Do you want a drink? Would you like a drink?Do you want to go? Would you like to go?

45. Invitations"Would you like" is used for polite invitations: • Would you like to go to a party tonight? • Would you like to watch a movie with me? • Offers"Would you like" is used for polite offers: • Would you like a drink of water? • Would you like another piece of cake?

46. Hypothetical Situations Would is used to show situations or actions that are not real. This includes using would in the 2nd conditional and the 3rd conditional. Examples: • I would buy a car if I had more money. • I would have bought a car if I had had more money. In these situations, "would" is normally the decision you make. If I found a wallet, I could return it or keep it. I should return it. However, I would keep the money and return the wallet.

47. 1.Choose the correct modal verb for these statements of ability. 1. 8 years ago, I __________ play the piano.a) canb) couldc) will be able to2. In 3 years I __________ drive. a) canb) couldc) will be able to3. __________ you hear the music right now?a) Canb) Couldc) Could not Could Will be able to Can Check Answers

48. 4. I __________ swim. a) cantb) can't c) cant'5. _________ go to the party tomorrow?a) Can youb) Could youc) Will you be able to 6. She __________ finish the homework last night. a) could nob) couldn't c) not could7. The singer __________ dance very well. a) can b) can noc) could no Can’t Will be able to Couldn’t Can Check Answers

49. 8. The teacher __________ see the books right now.a) can't b) couldn'tc) can nod) could no9. I __________ vote in the election next year.a) couldb) wasn't able toc) will be able to 10. I __________ hear you. Could you please speak louder? a) can't b) can Can’t Will be able to Can ‘t Check Answers

50. 2. Choose the correct modal verbs for these pieces of advice. 1. You __________ eat more vegetables. a) wouldb) should 2. I __________ buy those shoes if I were you. a) wouldn't b) shouldn't3. She __________ pay attention in class.a) wouldb) should 4. The students __________ arrive on time for class. a) wouldb) should Should Wouldn’t Should Should Check Answers