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REQUERIMIENTO 4: EQUINOS

REQUERIMIENTO 4: EQUINOS. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Comparación digestiva. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Digestión. Fermentable Fiber. Large Intestine. Fat. Digestible Carbohydrate. Stomach. Small Intestine. Fatty Acids. Volatile Fatty Acids. Glucose. Fat. Glycogen.

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REQUERIMIENTO 4: EQUINOS

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  1. REQUERIMIENTO 4: EQUINOS

  2. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSComparación digestiva

  3. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSDigestión Fermentable Fiber Large Intestine Fat Digestible Carbohydrate Stomach Small Intestine Fatty Acids Volatile Fatty Acids Glucose Fat Glycogen

  4. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCategorías digestivas • Maintenance - basic requirements of life • Growth - youngest has highest requirements • Gestation - last three months • Lactation - first three months • Work - depends on activity • light, moderate, intense • Geriatric

  5. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSDieta balanceada - Agua • Essential for all body functions • Temperature regulation • Feed digestion • Amount of water intake • Level of exercise • Ambient temperature • Quality of feeds in ration • Proportion of diet that is forage • Minimum 1 gallon/100 lbs BW/day • Forage • Concentrate – Grain • Supplements

  6. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSMantenimiento • Size: body weight • Environment • Individual digestive & metabolic efficiency • Dry matter intake: 1.5% of the BW • Most - energy requirements are met with forage alone

  7. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSFuente de energía para el desempeño Muscle Glycogen Blood Glucose Pyruvate Lactate Anaerobic Glycolysis ATP Creatine Phosphate Myokinase and CPK Reactions Lipolysis Oxidative Metabolism Free-Fatty Acids CO2and Water Oxygen

  8. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSNiveles de desempeño • Light - western and English pleasure, trail riding, equitation, hacking • Moderate - dressage, ranch work, roping, cutting, barrel racing, jumping • Intense - race training, polo, cutting,

  9. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSEnergía requerida

  10. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSTabla de recomendación

  11. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo de una ración • First figure roughage requirement (1-2% of body weight) ex. 0.0175 x 1100 lbs. = 19.25 lbs. • Then figure D.E., C.P., Ca. and P provided by this amount of hay • Next figure how much concentrate to feed based on D.E. deficit remaining • Double check- does it make sense?

  12. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo de una ración

  13. http://nrc88.nas.edu/nrh/

  14. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo del peso corporal CABALLOS ADULTOS: P.V. (kg) = 4.3*P.T. (cm) + 3*A.C. (cm) – 785 CABALLOS DE MENOS DE CUATRO AÑOS: P.V. (kg) = 4.5*P.T. (cm) – 370 P.V. = peso vivo P.T. = perímetro torácico A.C. = alzada de la cruz Fuente = I.N.R.A. (Francia)

  15. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSFuentes de Energía • Hydrolysable CHO • Sugars & starches • Create ↓ intestinal pH &  risk of colic • Fermentable CHO • Beet pulp or soy hulls • ↓ glycogen usage • Fat • 3X the energy concentration of CHO • Creates higher energy feed • Protein (minimal usage)

  16. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSSuplementacion de grasa • Why Use It For Performance Horses? • Energy from fat is 90% utilizable • Fat ↓ heat of fermentation • Fat  glycogen storage prior to race • Fat ↓ buildup of lactic acid during intense exercise • Fat ↓ fatigue • Natural horse diets contain < 3-4% fat • “High Fat” sweet feeds contain 6-10% fat • Fat Supplements • Vegetable Oil (most common 99% fat) • Rice Bran (very palatable 20% fat) • Animal tallow (not palatable)

  17. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSSuplementación de grasa • No gall bladder • Max ~20% in total diet • 1100 lb horse can digest 17.5 oz of fat (Just over 2 cups) • If adding fat to existing diet, need to rebalance other nutrients • (i.e. vitamin E (200 IU/cup of added oil) • Add 6-10 weeks before performance. • Hay requirement • Feed at least 50% of total ration as forage (pasture &/or hay) • Preferably high quality grass hay or alfalfa/grass mix • Exercising horses do not need high levels of protein • More important – quality of protein • Horses should be fed to meet their immediate needs • I.e. cut grain on rest days • If stalled, overfeeding can  stocking up or colic

  18. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCrecimiento • Goals • Maximize genetic potential for growth • Sound musculos keletal system • Nutrient balance is important • Requires higher quality feeds • Growth rate & age determines requirements • Growing till reach 30 months

  19. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSGestación: potro • Provision of nutrients for: • Fetal growth & development • Other products of conception • Last 3 month of gestation: 60 % foals’ weight • Mare needs to gain 0.3 – 0.8 lb/d

  20. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSProducción de leche

  21. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSYegua: Consumo de alimento (como % del peso vivo) • Adding concentrate to late pregnancy mares accounts for limited energy & acclimates microbes • Allow 1 wk to 10 d for mares to adjust to intake changes • Heavy milkers may require as much as 1.75-2.0% of BW in concentrate feed/day

  22. REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSGeriátricos • Fiber digestion decreases • Ability to manufacture or absorb certain vitamins decrease • B vitamins • Vitamin C • Decreased kidney function • Calcium stones may build up • Decreased liver function • Jaundice, weight loss, lethargy, loss of appetite, intolerance for fat and protein in diet

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