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MODULE 47 Blood borne Pathogens

MODULE 47 Blood borne Pathogens. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS. A. Objective 1. 103: Identify 3 ways that the AIDS virus is frequently transmitted from one person to another, as presented by the instructor. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS.

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MODULE 47 Blood borne Pathogens

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  1. MODULE 47Blood borne Pathogens

  2. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS A. Objective 1. 103: Identify 3 ways that the AIDS virus is frequently transmitted from one person to another, as presented by the instructor.

  3. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 2. 104: Identify at least 4 ways that the AIDS virus is rarely or never transmitted from one person to another, as presented by the instructor.

  4. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 3. 105:Identify the steps correctional personnel can take to minimize the risk of becoming infected with the AIDS virus while performing their duties, as presented by the instructor.

  5. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 4. 106: Identify causes & symptoms for the Hepatitis B virus & be able to determine what precautionary measures should be taken to keep an employee safe from exposure.

  6. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS B. AIDS: 1. The presence of a disease indicating a breakdown in the immune system. 2. The only cause is infection with the HIV virus.

  7. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 3. Both conditions (infection & symptoms) must be present before an individual would receive a medical diagnosis of AIDS.

  8. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS C. AIDS is an acronym for: 1. A: Acquired means: “to come into possession of, often by one’s own action(s).” 2. I: Immune means: “Power to resist infection/protection from infection.”

  9. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 3. D: Deficiency means: “The absence of something essential or a shortage.” 4. S: Syndrome means: “A number of symptoms are occurring together and characterize disease.”

  10. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS D. Virus: 1. Parasitic Organism 2. Capable of Multiplying 3. A Blood borne Retro virus

  11. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS E. HIV Functions & Properties 1. White Blood Cells-Known as Leukocytes 2. T4 Lymphocytes 3. T O Cells

  12. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 4. Antibodies 5. Mutation

  13. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS F. Sources of HIV Infection 1. Blood 2. Semen 3. Vaginal Fluids 4. Breast Milk 5. Body Fluids, (heart, lungs, spine)

  14. BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS G. High Risk Groups & Behaviors 1. Intravenous drug abusers 2. Homosexual or bisexual activity 3. Unprotected Sex 4. Hemophiliacs/Blood Transfusions 1977-1985 5. Babies born to HIV infected mothers

  15. BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS H. Most Common Modes of Transmission 1. Unprotected sex with HIV+ person 2. Injecting infected blood 3. Infected mother to child

  16. BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS I. Modes of Transmission on the Job 1. Puncture Wounds 2. Broken Skin 3. Mucous Membrane Contact

  17. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS J. Body Fluids That Do Not Transmit HIV 1. Tears 2. Saliva 3. Urine 4. Other body secretions and excretions

  18. BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS K. Signs/symptoms of HIV Infection 1. Flu like symptoms (temporarily)

  19. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS L. Signs/Symptoms of AIDS 1. Fever 2. Weight loss without dieting 3. Swollen Lymph glands 4. White patches in the mouth (Thrush) 5. Kaposi’s Sarcoma

  20. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 6. Infections: some of which are: a. Pneumocystis pneumonia b. Meningitis c. Toxoplasmosis & Tuberculosis 7. Persistent diarrhea 8. Fatigue 9. Night sweats

  21. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS M. HIV Cannot be Acquired by any Type of Casual Contact 1. Touching the skin of another person such as kissing, hugging, etc. 2. Using public toilets/toilet seats 3. Eating food prepared or using utensils handled by an infected person

  22. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 4. Perspiration (sweat) 5. Doorknobs or shaking hands with an infected person 6. Using public swimming pools 7. One person sneezing on another person

  23. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 8. Sitting or standing near an infected person for any period of time 9. Car seats 10. Shower stalls 11. Drinking cups 12. Steering wheels

  24. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 13. Spitting 14. Via Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 15. Donating/giving blood 16. Insect, animal or human bites 17. Saliva(spitting), vomit

  25. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS N. Stages of HIV infection leading to AIDS 1. Exposure 2. Infection 3. Develop antibodies 4. Incubation period 5. Symptom appearance & re- occurrence

  26. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS O. Universal Precautions 1. Consider all inmates infectious 2. Assume that all blood & other body fluids are contaminated with HIV 3. Use protective gloves 4. Assume that all used needles & other sharp instruments are contaminated & able to infect you.

  27. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS P. Universal precautions to prevent spread of infections 1. Use latex/polyurethane condoms during sexual contact. 2. Don’t share needles, syringes or “works”. 3. Be careful in disposing of needles and syringes used by inmate.

  28. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 4. Dispose of needles and syringes in the proper containers. If you get pricked with a needle or syringe, seek medical attention. 5. Cover any cuts, wounds, open sores, scratches before going to work 6. Don’t share personal items; toothbrush, razor blades, nail clippers

  29. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 7. Wear disposable gloves any time you come into contact with an inmate &/or blood or body fluids 8. Use a ventilator mask/micro shield when giving CPR 9. Always look before you touch & assume everyone is infected

  30. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS Q. How can HIV infection/AIDS be prevented? 1. Sexual behavior a. Not having sex b. Monogamous relationships with an uninfected person c. Using condoms properly and consistently

  31. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 2. IV drug use a. Get help to stop using drugs b. Don’t share needles/syringes “works” c. Learn how to clean needles/syringes: 1 part bleach to 10 parts water

  32. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 3. General Public behavior a. Learn the facts about HIV & AIDS b. Teach the facts about HIV & AIDS c. Support research, education and caring for all people with HIV infection or AIDS.

  33. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS R. What should you do if you test positive for the HIV infection or AIDS? 1. Tell past and present sex partners 2. Avoid pregnancy 3. Tell appropriate health care professionals.

  34. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS S. What to remember if someone you know has the HIV infection or AIDS 1. The virus is not transmitted by casual contact 2. HIV infection is not a crime

  35. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 3. This person is a human being with a full range of feelings 4. Your knowledge and behavior can protect you from HIV infection.

  36. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS T. Correctional employee rights & duties if exposed 1. Report all puncture wounds while in the performance of duty 2. Report skin contact with an open wound, rash, or other area of broken skin received while in performance of duty

  37. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 3. File a written report before the end of the work shift to your immediate supervisor or other designated management official. 4. Immediate review of your report & an investigation initiated.

  38. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS • An ‘Exposure Incident Report’ form will be completed before end of the shift & forwarded to the facilities employee medical services provider.

  39. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS U. Role of the Correctional Employee 1. Actions correctional employees can take to reduce the risk of being infected with HIV while on the job: a. always look before you touch when conducting a search

  40. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS V. Actions correctional employees can take to reduce the risk of being infected with HIV while on the job: 1. Assume that everyone is infected with the AIDS virus

  41. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS • If you get someone else’s blood on your skin, promptly wash the area with soap & water, apply an antiseptic & consult your health care professional • Clean up spilled blood with a fresh mixture of one cup bleach and 10 cups of water 4. Cover any open sores or wounds

  42. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 5. Identify possible indicators of a problem or condition 6. Refer inmates for medical evaluation 7. Take measures designed to prevent spread of disease 8. Follow medical orders regarding care and treatment of inmates

  43. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS W. Your Rights Following Exposure 1. Free blood tests. 2. Involuntary testing of the inmate may be mandated if the inmate is found guilty of violating an institutional regulation.

  44. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS A. Introduction to HBV B. Hepatitis Virus Described 1. Virus is very strong 2. Virus can survive for more than seven (7) days in dried blood or on exposed surfaces, increasing the chance for infection

  45. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 3. Symptoms of HBV a. Tiredness b. Loss of appetite c. Fever d. Vomiting e. Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)

  46. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS f. Dark urine g. Light colored stool h. There are certain body fluids which can spread this virus from one person to another.

  47. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS C. Modes of Transmission 1. There are several ways that HBV can be transmitted from one person to another. One way is by the sharing of hypodermic needles with an infected person.

  48. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 2. Getting infected blood or other body fluids in the eyes, mouth or onto broken skin could transmit the virus. 3. Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person. If the above mentioned body fluids are exchanged in another way.

  49. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 4. The virus can also be passed from mother to baby, usually at the time of birth.

  50. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS a. Body Fluids Blood Semen Vaginal Fluids Saliva Urine Sweat

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