1. Where is Britain? a) Western Europe b) Eastern Europe c) Scandinavia d) America

1. 1. Where is Britain? a) Western Europe b) Eastern Europe c) Scandinavia d) America

2. Where is Britain? • Britain lies off the west coast of mainland Europe. • Britain (UK) is part of the European Union (yellow).

3. 2. What does EU stand for? a) Environmental Unit b) Eastern Union c) European Union d) Everything Undone

4. Where is Britain? • Britain lies off the west coast of mainland Europe. • Britain (UK) is part of the European Union (yellow).

5. 3. The United Kingdom is… a) England, France, Ireland, Northern Ireland b) England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland c) England, Wales, Germany, Scotland d) England, Denmark, France, Germany

6. What is “Britain”? • The United Kingdom is the name for England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. • This is a “political” name for those countries ruled from London.

7. 4. The British Climate is… a) Just like Taiwan b) Generally mild c) Very cold and wet d) Tropical

8. The British Climate • Very variable – changes so frequently that it is difficult to forecast. • Britain does not experience “extreme” weather. Not “very” hot – not “very” cold. • Summers generally cool. Winters mild • Does not rain all the time. September to January are wettest. • 4 distinct seasons

9. The British Climate: Rainfall

10. The British Climate: Winter Temperatures

11. The British Climate:Summer Temperatures

12. 5. Which is correct? a) Shire < Region < County b) Region > Country > County c) County < Region < Country d) County > Region > Country

13. Today • Today’s counties are a mix of the old shires and the old counties. • Boundaries have changed a lot. • Some old shires and counties have disappeared. • There are some “new” counties

14. North West West Midlands South West North East Yorkshire East Midlands East of England Greater London South East Regions of England

15. What is “Britain”? • The United Kingdom is the name for England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. • This is a “political” name for those countries ruled from London.

16. 6. Where would you find Derby? a) Derbyshire b) Devonshire c) Derby Town d) France

17. e.g. Nottinghamshire • Some Counties still retain the name “shire” as a suffix. • E.g. the city of Nottingham is in the county of Nottinghamshire

18. 7. The capital of the UK is… a) England b) Roman c) London d) Leeds

19. London • London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. • Worldwide influence and a major financial centre. • Population of Greater London is 7,421,228 (a population of over 12 million in the wider metropolitan area). • The largest city in the European Union. • A very diverse range of peoples, cultures, and religions. • It has a great number of important buildings, including world-famous museums, theatres, concert halls, airports, railway stations, palaces, and offices.

20. 8. Scotland is… a) East of England b) Beside Wales c) North of England d) Below Ireland

21. Scotland • Consists of a mainland area and several island groups, including Shetland, Orkney, and the Hebrides • 3 main geographical areas make up the mainland: From north to south • The mountainous Highlands. • The low-lying Central Belt. • The hilly Southern Uplands.

22. 9. In order of size… a) Wales > England > Scotland b) Scotland > Wales > England c) England > Wales > Scotland d) England > Scotland > Wales

23. Side by side

24. 10. The capital of Ireland is… a) Dublin b) Belfast c) London d) Leeds

25. Ireland • Northern Ireland is unofficially known as 'Ulster'. Northern Ireland is a region of the United Kingdom. • The Republic of Ireland, with its capital in Dublin. This state is also called "Ireland" or "Éire".

26. 11. The Thistle is the symbol of… a) England b) Wales c) Scotland d) France

27. Flags & Symbols - Scotland • The Scotch Thistle • The cross of St Andrew

28. 12. The Flag of Scotland is… a) a white cross on blue b) a red cross on white c) a white cross on red d) a red dragon on green and white

29. Flags & Symbols - Scotland • The Scotch Thistle • The cross of St Andrew

30. 13. The population of the UK is about… a) 39,000,000 b) 49,000,000 c) 59,000,000 d) 69,000,000

31. Demographics

32. 14. Most people in England… a) were born overseas b) were born in the UK c) are from India d) are from Ireland

33. Population (England) male: 23,922,144 female: 24,216,687 total: 49,138,831 Place of birth UK: 90.7% EU: 2.3% Outside EU: 6.9% Demographics • Ethnicity • White: 90.9% • Indian: 2.1% • Pakistani: 1.4% • Mixed: 1.4% • Black Caribbean: 1.1% • Black African: 0.9% • Chinese: 0.4% • Black Other: 0.2%

34. 15. Most foreigners in Britain live… a) overseas b) in the South West c) in the South East d) in Ireland

35. Location of foreign-born population • 7.5% of people living in Britain were born abroad. • The non-native-born population tends to be strongly attracted to London and the South East region • 1.7 million foreign-born live in London, representing 25% of the city's total population, although 52% of Wembley's population was born abroad.

36. 16. Where is the Gaelic language spoken? a) England & Scotland b) Scotland & Ireland c) Ireland & Wales d) Wales & England

37. Regional Languages • Welsh is spoken by about 20% of the population of Wales (~600,000 speakers). • However, not all speakers are 100% fluent. • Many Welsh people are proud to speak Welsh. • Scottish Gaelic has about 60,000 speakers (~1% of Scotland). • In Northern Ireland, ~7% speak Irish Gaelic (~110,000 speakers) and 2% speak Scots (~ 30,000 speakers). • Cornish is spoken by ~3,500 people (0.6% of Cornwall). • Scots is spoken by 30% of Scottish people (~ 1.5 million). • British Sign Language (for the deaf) is understood by less than 0.1% of the total population of the UK.

38. 17. The correct order is… a) Bronze age  Neolithic  Iron age b) Iron age  Bronze age  Neolithic c) Neolithic  Iron age  Bronze age d) Neolithic  Bronze age  Iron age

39. Overview of Early British History • Stone Age – The Neolithic • Bronze Age • Iron Age • The Romans • The Invasions – Anglo Saxon, Jutes, Vikings

40. 18. The Romans left Britain because a) Rome was under attack b) The Britons made them leave c) It was too cold d) All of the above

41. Roman departure from Britain • Because Rome was being invaded, the Roman soldiers were moved from Britain to defend Rome • The Romans had left Britain by 410. • The inhabitants were forced to look to their own defences and government

42. 19. Britain was invaded by… a) Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Romans b) Spanish, Vikings, Welsh c) Anglo-Saxons, English, Normans d) Vikings, Normans, Irish

43. The Romans • Britain is a land of agricultural and mineral wealth • In 43AD, the Roman Emperor Claudius invaded Britain with approximately 50,000 men. • They quickly occupied the South East and then moved inland. • Within 25 years much of England and Wales had been absorbed into the province of Britannia.

44. Anglo-Saxons • The Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes who invaded Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries are known as the Anglo-Saxons. • They left their homelands in northern Germany, Denmark and northern Holland and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats.

45. Vikings • The Vikings came from three countries in Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway and Sweden. • They were also known as the Norse people. They were mostly farmers, but some worked as craftsmen or traders. • Many Vikings were great travellers and sailed all over Europe and the north Atlantic Ocean in their longships. • Some went as fierce pirate raiders: they stole treasure and attacked local people. • But most Vikings who sailed overseas were simply searching for better land for their farms. • The Viking Age began about 1,200 years ago in the 8th Century AD and lasted for 300 years.

46. 20. The Normans invaded in… a) 1056 AD b) 1066 AD c) 1076 AD d) 1086 AD

47. The Norman Conquest (1066) • In 1066 the Anglo-Saxon King of England died without an heir • Two people claimed the Kingdom: • Harold, The Earl of Wessex • William, The Duke of Normandy • Harold had himself crowned King but his position was not secure. • By August 1066 William had assembled a force of about 5,000 knights for invasion • William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings (Oct 14 1066). • This resulted in profound political, administrative, and social changes in the British Isles.

48. 21. The Normans brought with them… a) Religion, French b) Feudalism, Religion c) French, Feudalism d) Feudalism, Ice-cream

49. What the Normans did… • There were considerable changes in the social structure of the British kingdoms as a new aristocracy was introduced • However, the Anglo-Saxon central and local governments and judicial system were retained • The “English” language disappeared in official documents, it was replaced by Latin, then by Norman-French. • Written English slowly reappeared in the 13th century.

50. Knights & Feudalism • Feudalism originated in France, and was brought to England by the Normans • The obligations and relations between lord, vassal and fief form the basis of feudalism • Lords (Land owners), • Vassals (Knights) • Fiefs (Land). • In exchange for use of the fief, the vassal would provide military service to the lord. • Knights were supported by peasants who worked to produce food and ideologically supported by the church.