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Chemical Formulae

Chemical Formulae. Ionic versus Molecular/Covalent Ionic compounds typically feature a metal ( cation ) and a nonmetal ( anion ). Molecular compounds are composed of nonmetals exclusively. Both must be electrically neutral in charge.

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Chemical Formulae

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  1. Chemical Formulae Ionic versus Molecular/Covalent Ionic compounds typically feature a metal (cation) and a nonmetal (anion). Molecular compounds are composed of nonmetals exclusively. Both must be electrically neutral in charge. Nomenclature (naming) has similarities… the differences occur because of the law of multiple proportions. The same elements can make multiple, different compounds... Roman numerals or prefixes are used.

  2. Molecular Formulae CO2 This iscarbon dioxide. Formula Structure Elements present Subscripts* (shows how much of each element) * If no subscript is present it means that there is only one atom of that element This is a molecule of a molecular compound.

  3. Molecular Nomenclature Naming Rules Write the names of both elements. You will only learn covalent naming for binary compounds Change the ending of the second element to -ide. Add prefixes to each element to indicate the subscripted number of atoms present. If the first element only has one atom then no prefix is added. Example: CO2 becomes carbon dioxide carbon oxygen carbon oxide carbon dioxide

  4. Molecular Nomenclature Prefixes - Greek prefixes used… mono- di– tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca- - The final “o” or “a” of the prefix is usually dropped when preceding an element beginning with a vowel.

  5. Molecular Compound Formulae(Molecules) B3+C4+C4- C2+C2-N3+ N3-N5+ N4+N2+ O2-O1- F1- Si4+ Si2+ P5+ P3+P3-S6+ S4+ S2+S2-Cl1+ Cl1-Cl7+Cl5+ Cl3+ As3+ As3- As5+Se4+ Se6+ Se2- Br1+ Br1- Br7+ Br5+ Br3+Te4+ Te6+Te2- I7+ I5+I1+ I1-At1+ At1-At7+ At5+At3+ As2Se diarsenic monoselenide As2O5 diarsenic pentoxide As2S5 diarsenic pentasulfide As2Se3 diarsenic triselenide AsF3 arsenic trifluoride AsCl3 arsenic trichloride AsBr3 arsenic tribromide As2S3 diarsenic trisulfide AsF5 arsenic pentachloride As4S4 tetraarsenic tetrasulfide AsI3 arsenic triiodide As2O3 diarsenic trioxide Go To Next Slide

  6. Molecular Compound Formulae(Molecules) B3+C4+C4- C2+C2-N3+ N3-N5+ N4+N2+ O2-O1- F1- Si4+ Si2+ P5+ P3+P3-S6+ S4+ S2+S2-Cl1+ Cl1-Cl7+Cl5+ Cl3+ As3+ As3- As5+Se4+ Se6+ Se2- Br1+ Br1- Br7+ Br5+ Br3+Te4+ Te6+Te2- I7+ I5+I1+ I1-At1+ At1-At7+ At5+At3+ B2Cl4 diboron tetrachloride B4C tetraboron monocarbide BBr3 boron tribromide BF3 boron trifluoride BCl3 boron trichloride B2O3 diboron trioxide BN boron nitride Go To Next Slide

  7. Molecular Compound Formulae(Molecules) B3+C4+C4- C2+C2-N3+ N3-N5+ N4+N2+ O2-O1- F1- Si4+ Si2+ P5+ P3+P3-S6+ S4+ S2+S2-Cl1+ Cl1-Cl7+Cl5+ Cl3+ As3+ As3- As5+Se4+ Se6+ Se2- Br1+ Br1- Br7+ Br5+ Br3+Te4+ Te6+Te2- I7+ I5+I1+ I1-At1+ At1-At7+ At5+At3+ CCl4 carbon tetrachloride CN4 carbon tetranitride CO2 carbon dioxide CSe2 carbon diselenide CI4 carbon tetraiodide CF4 carbon tetrafluoride CS2 carbon disulfide CO carbon monoxide Go To Next Slide

  8. Molecular Compound Formulae(Molecules) B3+C4+C4- C2+C2-N3+ N3-N5+ N4+N2+ O2-O1- F1- Si4+ Si2+ P5+ P3+P3-S6+ S4+ S2+S2-Cl1+ Cl1-Cl7+Cl5+ Cl3+ As3+ As3- As5+Se4+ Se6+ Se2- Br1+ Br1- Br7+ Br5+ Br3+Te4+ Te6+Te2- I7+ I5+I1+ I1-At1+ At1-At7+ At5+At3+ ClF chlorine monofluoride ClF3 chlorine trifluoride Cl2O dichlorine monoxide Cl2O7 dichlorine heptoxide ClO2 chlorine dioxide Go To Next Slide

  9. Molecular Compound Formulae(Molecules) B3+C4+C4- C2+C2-N3+ N3-N5+ N4+N2+ O2-O1- F1- Si4+ Si2+ P5+ P3+P3-S6+ S4+ S2+S2-Cl1+ Cl1-Cl7+Cl5+ Cl3+ As3+ As3- As5+Se4+ Se6+ Se2- Br1+ Br1- Br7+ Br5+ Br3+Te4+ Te6+Te2- I7+ I5+I1+ I1-At1+ At1-At7+ At5+At3+ IF5 iodine pentafluoride IF7 iodine heptafluoride I2O5 diiodine pentoxide F2O fluoride monoxide GeCl4 germanium tetrachloride GeF4 germanium tetrafluoride ICl iodine monochloride H2O dihydrogen monoxide ICl3 iodine trichloride GeCl2 germanium dichloride F2O2 fluoride dioxide Go To Next Slide

  10. Molecular Compound Formulae(Molecules) B3+C4+C4- C2+C2-N3+ N3-N5+ N4+N2+ O2-O1- F1- Si4+ Si2+ P5+ P3+P3-S6+ S4+ S2+S2-Cl1+ Cl1-Cl7+Cl5+ Cl3+ As3+ As3- As5+Se4+ Se6+ Se2- Br1+ Br1- Br7+ Br5+ Br3+Te4+ Te6+Te2- I7+ I5+I1+ I1-At1+ At1-At7+ At5+At3+ NCl3 nitrogen chloride NH3 nitrogen trihydride NO nitrogen monoxide NO2 nitrogen dioxide N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide N4S4 tetranitrogen tetrasulfide N4Se4 tetranitrogen tetraselenide NF3 nitrogen fluoride N2O dinitrogen monoxide Go To Next Slide

  11. Molecular Compound Formulae(Molecules) B3+C4+C4- C2+C2-N3+ N3-N5+ N4+N2+ O2-O1- F1- Si4+ Si2+ P5+ P3+P3-S6+ S4+ S2+S2-Cl1+ Cl1-Cl7+Cl5+ Cl3+ As3+ As3- As5+Se4+ Se6+ Se2- Br1+ Br1- Br7+ Br5+ Br3+Te4+ Te6+Te2- I7+ I5+I1+ I1-At1+ At1-At7+ At5+At3+ PCl3 phosphorus trichloride P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide P2S5 phosphorus pentasulfide PCl5 phosphorus pentachloride PF3 phosphorus trifluoride PF5 phosphorus pentafluoride PH3 phosphorus trihydride P2O3 diphosphorus trioxide P2Se5 diphosphorus pentaselenide P4Se3 tetraphosphorus triselenide P4S3 tetraphosphorus trisulfide Go To Next Slide

  12. Molecular Compound Formulae(Molecules) B3+C4+C4- C2+C2-N3+ N3-N5+ N4+N2+ O2-O1- F1- Si4+ Si2+ P5+ P3+P3-S6+ S4+ S2+S2-Cl1+ Cl1-Cl7+Cl5+ Cl3+ As3+ As3- As5+Se4+ Se6+ Se2- Br1+ Br1- Br7+ Br5+ Br3+Te4+ Te6+Te2- I7+ I5+I1+ I1-At1+ At1-At7+ At5+At3+ S2Cl2 disulfur dichloride Se2Cl2 diselenium dichloride SeCl4 selenium tetrachloride SeF4 selenium tetrafluoride SeS2 selenium disulfide SF4 sulfur tetrafluoride SF6 sulfur hexafluoride SO2 sulfur dioxide SeO2 selenium dioxide SO3 sulfur trioxide Go To Next Slide

  13. Molecular Compound Formulae(Molecules) B3+C4+C4- C2+C2-N3+ N3-N5+ N4+N2+ O2-O1- F1- Si4+ Si2+ P5+ P3+P3-S6+ S4+ S2+S2-Cl1+ Cl1-Cl7+Cl5+ Cl3+ As3+ As3- As5+Se4+ Se6+ Se2- Br1+ Br1- Br7+ Br5+ Br3+Te4+ Te6+Te2- I7+ I5+I1+ I1-At1+ At1-At7+ At5+At3+ SiC silicon monocarbide SiCl4 silicon tetrachloride SiF4 silicon tetrafluoride Si3N4 trisilicon tetranitride SiO silicon monoxide SiO2 silicon dioxide SiS2 silicon disulfide TeCl2 tellurium dichloride TeCl4 tellurium tetrachloride TeI4 tellurium tetraiodide Go To Next Slide

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