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Preparing for Flood Hazard Management: The CADM experience

Preparing for Flood Hazard Management: The CADM experience. CADM Regional Team. Many disasters, such as earthquake, Tsunami and hurricane, taking place all over the world!. Disasters. Floods : Hazards to tackle with priority in the Caribbean.

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Preparing for Flood Hazard Management: The CADM experience

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  1. Preparing for Flood Hazard Management: The CADM experience CADM Regional Team

  2. Many disasters, such as earthquake, Tsunami and hurricane, taking place all over the world! Disasters

  3. Floods : Hazards to tackle with priority in the Caribbean Floods are the most common, frequent and serious hazards among all disasters in the Caribbean.

  4. Flood hazard management Re-location of people Drainage works Early warning system

  5. Approach for Flood Hazard Management in the Caribbean Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) Community Disaster Management Essential for any measures to be effective Flood Hazard Mapping The first step for all measures CADM

  6. Flood Hazard Map Shows possible inundation areas, evacuation routes, location of shelters, etc. Used by: • residents in risk areas for evacuation, • disaster management agencies for emergency operation, • government agencies for mitigation works and city planning, • private sectors for investment plan. Needed in homes and schools for awareness of floodrisk.

  7. Community Disaster Management Plan Community Disaster Management Plan (CDMP) is a plan describing early warning system, evacuation system and what community people should do before, during and after flood event. It should be in accordance with the national and district plan. CDMP is needed for timely action without panic in the face of flooding.

  8. On Producing Floodplain Maps in the Caribbean • Expertise • Training opportunities • Data availability • Data acquisition • Tools for Map Production

  9. G I S PHYSICAL DATA OF CATCHMENT RAINFALL DATA G I S Flood Hazard Mapping RIVER GEOMETRY FLOODPLAIN GEOMETRY HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS WATER LEVELS IN FLOODED AREAS FLOOD HYDROGRAPH

  10. FLOOD HAZARD MAP PRODUCTION ISSUES

  11. Expert Needs • Hydrologic and Hydraulic expertise • Normally performed by Civil Engineers as they are trained in both areas • Other scientists with graduate training in Hydrology and sometimes Hydraulics • Sufficiently trained persons in the Caribbean to perform tasks • FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, UWI has an evolving programme focused on addressing the needs of the CARIBBEAN

  12. Expert Needs • GIS and Mapping Experts • There is a growing number of GIS technicians in the region but the lack of GIS experts who understands map projection issues and knows how to formulate and resolve spatial modeling problems are still under developed. • Hydrologists and hydrologic assistants for network design, monitoring and operation • Concentrated numbers in some countries, e.g., Trinidad and Jamaica. Others exist in other countries, but perhaps not in sufficient numbers.

  13. NEEDED EXPERTS REGIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTE READINESS TO TRAIN Training Opportunities CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAMME Hydrology and Hydraulic Analysts U. W. I. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ST. AUGUSTINE SURVEYING AND LAND INFORMATION PROGRAMME MAPPING EXPERTS PROGRAMMES FOR WATER RESOURCES TECHNICIANS HYDROLOGICAL ASSISTANTS C. I. M. H

  14. Data Availability Physical Data • Generally available • Land cover and soils data extracted from old paper maps Ikonos satellite imagery available (or can be obtained) for most countries to update land cover information Topographic data for hydrologic studies available from contour maps. DEM has been built from them Elevations on floodplains not widelyavailable

  15. Data Availability Hydrologic Data • Major deficiencies that can limit the accuracy of the maps • Streamflow • Very few countries have long term streamflow records • Usually problematic because of difficulty in gauging steep streams that are common in the Caribbean • Other problems of short staff to perform the gauging • Missing streamflow records prevent ability to validate models • Rainfall • Very few countries have rainfall data to determine the rainfall versus depth relations at various places on the islands. • Relation is important for estimation of runoff • Generally large amounts of daily rainfall data throughout the Caribbean

  16. G I S RIVER GEOMETRY FLOODPLAIN GEOMETRY PHYSICAL DATA OF CATCHMENT RAINFALL DATA HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS WATER LEVELS IN FLOODED AREAS FLOOD HYDROGRAPH Data Availability G I S • Physical data generally available in digital format. Issues about: • currency of land cover information • Resolution of DEM • Rainfall data lacking temporal distribution • Flood hydrographs not available for calibration of models • Limited flood levels available for modelling

  17. Data Acquisition Generally inadequate administrative units exist throughout the Caribbean for hydrologic database development and management and application of data for water resources management, including flood hazard map production. As a result, many countries not immediately ready for improving their hydrologic database, even with acquisition of instruments for database development Problems stem from: • Inadequate staffing • Inappropriate staffing • Lack of instrumentation (Catch 22)

  18. Tools Needed for Map Production • Well-established Administrative Unit (Water Resources Agency or Drainage Unit) that has a clear mandate for map production • Well-staffed unit, including: • Civil engineers • Hydrologists • Technical support staff, including • Draughtsmen, engineering assistants, hydrological assistants • Well-equipped Unit, including: • Hardware (minimum requirements) • Computers—no extraordinary specifications are required • Large format plotter • Heavy duty printer • Surveying equipment • Rainfall gauges, including recording gauges • Appropriate current metering equipment • Stage recorders

  19. Tools for Map Production Software (minimum requirements) • WMS or appropriate software for hydrologic analysis • HEC-RAS and FLO-2D, or appropriate software for 1-D and 2-D hydraulic analysis • GIS software • Microsoft suite

  20. Mesopotamia Speightstown San Juan • Physical Data • Land cover • Soils • topography • Rainfall Data • Time • Space • amount Observed streamflow River Geometry Floodplain Geometry Past flood levels DATA AVAILABILITY IN THE THREE PILOT CATCHMENTS • Old land cover maps • Soils map available • Contour maps • Old land cover maps • Soils map available • Contour maps • Old land cover maps • Soils map available • Contour maps • Time—Montreal gauge • Space—Limited • Amount—Dumbarton • Time—Sedge Pond • Space—Limited • Amount—Bdos drain • study • Gauge within area • More than one in area • Long term stations • Long term station • on the river • but quality needs • verifying unavailable unavailable Available; adequate Available; adequate Available; To be checked Available at 30 m grid intervals Available at 25 m grid intervals Available at 25 m grid intervals One on record- 01 Oct, 1999 One on record- 31 Oct 1984 • May have several • events

  21. Principle: by/for community people Discussion on activities in flood events Planning by using the map of their community area

  22. Community Disaster Management Planning • Establishment of Plan Development Committee (PDC) • Definition of Community • Preparedness/Mitigation Planning • Emergency Response Planning • Recovery/Rehabilitation Planning

  23. Institutional Cooperation • Ministry of Community/Social Development • Town and Country Planning Authority • Drainage Division • Ministry of Agriculture • Water Resources Agency • Ministry of Housing • Lands and Surveys Department • Meteorology Department • NEMO • Local Government Authority • Utilities: Water Supply and Electricity Supply • Resident Associations • Insurance Industry • Mortgage Finance Industry • Industry and Chambers Associations.

  24. CADM Pilot States / Communities

  25. Next steps

  26. FHM CDMP FHM CDMP FHM CDMP Extension of CADM Caribbean Community Regional Programme Framework 2005-2015 Sustainability plan Communities

  27. Next Steps • Capacity building in the training institutions; - UTEC,CIMH, UWI • Build capacity to produce maps for different types of flooding; riverine, depression/sinkhole, groundwater induced

  28. Challenges • Convince governments and decision makers to train professional and keep trained professionals • When we lose them, train more • Need for standardized terms to eliminate confusion

  29. CADM Regional Team UWI Balfour Spence Jacob Opadeyi • CDERA Jeremy Collymore Andria Grosvenor Donovan Gentles Elizabeth Riley Anderson Harris Pamela Knights CIMH Kailas Narayan WRA, Jamaica WRA, Trinidad & Tobago

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