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Pesticide Safety & Toxicology

Pesticide Safety & Toxicology. Jim Jasinski IPM Program - OSUE. Pesticide 101. Read the Label!!! Find your use (or target) first Plant, house, lawn, tree Locate pest Hornworm, Aphid, Japanese Beetle Efficacy NOT Required Wear Personal Protective Equipment

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Pesticide Safety & Toxicology

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  1. Pesticide Safety & Toxicology Jim Jasinski IPM Program - OSUE

  2. Pesticide 101 • Read the Label!!! • Find your use (or target) first • Plant, house, lawn, tree • Locate pest • Hornworm, Aphid, Japanese Beetle • Efficacy NOT Required • Wear Personal Protective Equipment • Gloves, goggles, respirator, boots, etc

  3. Pesticide Safety • Applying • Apply pesticides under prescribed conditions • Not in the wind, not in the rain, not too cold or hot • At the proper plant stage: phytotoxicity, residue?? • Don’t transfer pesticides out of original container • Launder clothes in hot water w/ detergent X X X X

  4. Pesticide Safety • Follow the REI on label Restricted Entry Interval Time before you can re-enter treated area • Follow the PHI on label Pre-Harvest Interval Time before you can harvest or eat fruit or vegetables that have been treated

  5. Pesticide Safety • When spraying insecticides…. • Be aware of Bee’s • Spray late evening • Spray early morning • Avoid spraying when plants are flowering • Avoid using products (Sevin) and formulations known to harm bee’s if possible

  6. Pesticide Safety X • Disposal • Make not, Waste not • Spray excess material from sprayer according to label directions • Don’t flush down toilet, don’t put in sink or sewer • Save excess material for volume portion of next spray treatment • Triple rinse, puncture or wrap, dispose in trash • Take old or unknown product to Amnesty collection sites

  7. Layman’s Toxicology An Overview of Toxicology for Pesticide Applicators Developed by Don Mullins and Pat Hipkins Department of Entomology / Virginia Tech Pesticide Programs 1997

  8. Routes of Entry: Oral = Ingestion by mouth Dermal = Skin exposure Inhalation = Absorbed by lungs Ocular = Eye exposure

  9. Dermal Exposure Variable Rate of Absorption Area Rate* forehead 4.2 forearm 1.0 abdomen 2.1 palm 1.3 scrotum 11.8 ball of foot 1.8 *Absorption rate compared to forearm, which is 1.0 mjweaver,1997

  10. Toxic effects may occur: • during or soon after exposure (acute) • repeated exposures over a long time (chronic) In addition, some people may be especially sensitive (allergic) to a substance.

  11. Definitions: Acute Effects • Vomiting, Nausea • Dilation of pupils, blurred vision • Convulsions • Chills • Nervousness • Headaches

  12. Definitions: Chronic Effects • Carcinogens: • Cause cancer • Mutagens: • Cause mutations in an organism’s genetic material • Teratogens: • cause birth defects in offspring following exposure of a pregnant female

  13. Toxicity Measure: LD50 The LD50 is the dose of toxin that produces 50% mortality in a test population. LD50 is usually expressed in milligrams of toxin per kilogram of test animal body weight (mg/kg).

  14. LD50 Value and Toxic Effect Evaluating LD50’s • Small LD50 values = more toxic substance - Larger LD50 values = less toxic substance.

  15. Toxicity Comparisons: Acute toxicity measurements: Acute oral and/or LD = Lethal dose Acute dermal 50 (in mg / kg) in parts per million ( ppm ) Methoxychlor 6000 Malathion 1500 --- DDT 250 Lindane 125 Dieldrin 100------------- Parathion 3 -------------- 15 x 33 x

  16. Toxicity Measures and Lethal Dose: Oral LD50 Lethal Dose (mg toxin/kg body weight) (for an ‘average’ adult) 0 - 5 a drop or a pinch 5 - 50 a few drops to 1 teaspoon 50 - 500 1 teaspoon to 1 tablespoon 500 - 5,000 1 ounce to 1 pint 5,000 - 15,000 1 pint to 1 quart > 15,000 > 1 quart

  17. Toxicity Measures and Signal Word: Acute Oral LD50 Signal Word 0 - 50 DANGER/POISON/PELIGRO (skull and crossbones) DANGER 50 - 500 WARNING 500 - 5,000 CAUTION > 5,000 CAUTION

  18. Toxicity Measures and Signal Word: Oregon State University Fact Sheet

  19. Toxicity Measures and Signal Word: Oregon State University Fact Sheet

  20. Sample Oral Toxicity Valuesfor Commonly-Used Insecticides: Pesticide Acute Oral LD50 (mg/kg - male rat) Permethrin >4,000 Bifenthrin/Esfenvalerate 50-70/450 malathion (various) 1,378 - 2,800 acephate (Orthene) 945 carbaryl (Sevin) 850 Imidacloprid 450 diazinon (DZN Diazinon) 300 - 400 metaldehyde 250 chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban) 135 - 163 parathion (Parathion) 3.6 - 13 terbufos (Counter) 1.6 The Agrochemical Handbook, Royal Society of Chemistry (1991)

  21. Sample Oral Toxicity Valuesfor Botanical-Derivative Insecticides Active Ingredient Acute Oral LD50 (mg/kg - rat) Oils >5,000 azadirachtin (neem) 5,000 synthetic pyrethroids 22 - 5,000 rotenone 39 - 1,500 ryania 1,200 pyrethrum 584 - 900 nicotine 50 - 60 *Soaps DNE *Bt DNE The Agrochemical Handbook, Royal Society of Chemistry (1991) and Agricultural Chemicals Book I: Insecticides (1994-95)

  22. Sample Oral Toxicity Valuesfor Commonly-Used Herbicides, etc.: Pesticide (Product) Acute Oral LD50 (mg/kg - male rat) dicamba (Banvel, Vanquish) 2,629 - 6,764 (salts) imazapyr (Arsenal) >5,000 glyphosate (Accord, RoundUp) 4,045 (salt) sodium chloride (table salt) 430 - 3,750 2,4-D (various) 666 - 805 (salt); 700 (ester) triclopyr (Garlon) 713 acetylsalicylic acid (asprin) 50-500 caffeine (coffee, tea, some sodas) 50 - 500 nicotine (tobacco products) 0.5 - 1.0 The Agrochemical Handbook, Royal Society of Chemistry (1991) Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products (1984)

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