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Juvenile Justice

Juvenile Justice . A guide to the system. Why do we have it?. Children and adults were incarcerated together Judges had to sentence a child by: jail with adults twice their age release them with no repercussions. First Juvenile Court Illinois, 1899

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Juvenile Justice

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  1. Juvenile Justice A guide to the system

  2. Why do we have it? • Children and adults were incarcerated together • Judges had to sentence a child by: • jail with adults twice their age • release them with no repercussions. • First Juvenile Court • Illinois, 1899 • Source:Schwartz, Robert G., and Marsha Levick. "When A “Right” Is Not Enough." Criminology & Public Policy 9.2 (2010): 365-373. Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text. Web. 16 Oct. 2013.

  3. Why were kids in jail? • 1890-1920 • Kids were involved in criminal activity • Emergence of different jails • Refugee Houses • Reformatories • Female only institutions Source:  "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

  4. Refugee Houses • “Focused on the reeducation of youth and used indeterminate sentencing, religious training, and apprenticeships in various trades” • Promote order and Discipline • Problem: • Overcrowded • Overworked • Source:  "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

  5. Reformatories • Foster Homes normally located on farms • Physical labor • Problem: • Overcrowded • Overworked Source:  "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

  6. Female only institutions • Mid 1880s • Teaching domestic skills Source:  "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

  7. Patriae Doctrine • Created to discipline youth committing criminal acts • Detailed: • State can act as a parent • Government can intervene when it’s in the best interest of the child Source: Schwartz, Robert G., and Marsha Levick. "When A “Right” Is Not Enough." Criminology & Public Policy 9.2 (2010): 365-373. Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text. Web. 16 Oct. 2013.

  8. Juvenile’s Rights According to Congress, late 1960s • The right to receive notice of charges • The right to obtain legal counsel • The right to confrontation and cross-examination • The privilege against self-incrimination • The right to receive a transcript of the proceeding • The right to have an appellate court review the lower court’s decision Source: "The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

  9. Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act, 1968 & 1974 • “(1) youth offenders were to have sight and sound separation from adult offenders to prevent any contact between the two groups • (2) youth who have committed status offenses (i.e. curfew, truancy, alcohol possession, etc.) could not be placed in a juvenile or adult detention facility • (3) youth could not be detained in adult jails unless certain requirements were met • (4) states create plans to reduce the number of minority youth (i.e. disproportionate minority contact) in the juvenile justice system” Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

  10. Who is a Juvenile • Until 18 • North Carolina, New Hampshire, Texas, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri • Until 17 Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

  11. When can a juvenile be charged as a adult? • 16 in most states • Kentucky • 14 • Florida and other states • Laws state any person, juvenile or adult will be charged as an adult for murder Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

  12. Death Penalty • Discontinued in 2005 • Supreme Court case Roper v. Simmons Source: "Juvenile." Juvenile. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

  13. Today’s Juvenile Justice System • Based on reform • Detention centers • Educate • Return to society • Goal: • Modification • Nonrepeating offenses Source: Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

  14. Where do we go? • Create safer environments • Education in detention center Source: Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

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