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Exploring Waves: Energy Transfer and Wave Interactions

Discover the fascinating world of waves, from water and sound waves to reflections, refractions, and interference. Understand the concepts of amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and more in this comprehensive guide to wave phenomena.

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Exploring Waves: Energy Transfer and Wave Interactions

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  1. Chapter10 Waves

  2. Chapter 10 –Waves • Wave – a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place • Medium – material that the wave travels in • Water wave – water • Sound wave – solid, liquid, or gas (air) • Mechanical waves – waves that require a medium to travel through • The medium does not travel along with the wave. • Water moves up and down while the wave moves past.

  3. Vibration – repeated back and forth or up and down motion that can create waves. • Transverse wave – a wave that has crests and troughs • Example: a water wave

  4. Longitudinal wave – a wave that has compressions and rarefactions • Example: a sound wave

  5. Amplitude – height of wave • Wavelength (ג)– distance between two corresponding parts of a wave (crest to crest)

  6. Frequency – is the number of waves made each second. • Frequency is also the number of waves that pass a given point each second. • 1 wave/sec = 1 hertz (Hz) • Speed = wavelength (frequency) Speed Frequency = Wavelength Speed Wavelength = Frequency

  7. Example problem: The speed of a wave on a guitar string is 100 m/s and the frequency is 1,000 Hz. What is the wavelength of the wave?

  8. Interactions of waves • Reflection – waves can bounce off an object (like light off a mirror). • The angle of incidence – the angle between the wave and an imaginary line. The angle of incidence = the angle of reflection. the normal Light Mirror

  9. Refraction – When light moves from one medium into another it changes speed which causes it to bend. • As the wave slows down it is bent towards the normal. • As the wave speeds up it is bent away from the normal. Light ray Air Water

  10. Diffraction – when a wave passes a barrier or moves through a hole in a barrier it bends and spreads out. Waves

  11. Waves can add (constructive) or cancel (destructive).

  12. Constructive interference – adding of waves • Destructive interference – canceling of waves • Standing waves- when a reflected wave adds to an incoming wave just right a “stationary” wave is produced. • Nodes – stationary points of standing waves • Antinodes – crests and troughs of a standing wave • most objects have a natural frequency of vibration called Resonance. • Resonance -when the vibration passing through the object matches the object’s natural vibration.

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