Unit 2 Language

1. Unit 2 Language Huang Rui

2. Welcome to the Unit

3. Guess • How many languages are there in the world? • About 2000 • About 3000 • About 4000 • About 5000 • About 6000 • About 7000 Chinese Spanish English • Do you know the top three world’s most spoken languages?

4. How many languages do you know? Je t'aime Te amo IchliebeDich 愛してる 사랑해 I love you spoken language signed language

5. Do you know other forms of language? spoken Language signed

6. Languages change over time? 家有千金，行止由心 有钱任性 方寸淆乱，灵台崩摧 我的内心几乎是崩溃的 涸辙遗鲋，旦暮成枯； 人而无志，与彼何殊 人要是没有理想，和咸鱼有什么区别 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

7. Language varies over time? emoji sticker emoticon

8. sight common people hearing tongue the blind people and the deaf people?

9. How can the blind people read? Braille

10. How can the deaf people communicate with each other? sign language

11. What do they mean? Thumbs down! Victory/win Thumbs up! Applause Call me! Ok! & ...

12. Do you believe animals can also speak languages? echo odour dance

13. Scientists have studied the societybees live in for many years and know that bees have a well-developed language that is different from those of other animals. This (discover) in the 1920s by an Austrian (name) Karl, who found that bees pass important messages to each other aboutto find food. How do they do it? A searcher bee goes out looking for new food (supply). She returns home and give her information to the worker bees there. The (majority) way that bees communicate is by touch. that// was discovered named where supplies major

14. This is how bees can tell which type of flower the searcher bee(find). The searcher bee then does dance to give the worker bees more information. There are two types of dances that tell about food: the ‘waggle’ (摇摆) dance and the ‘circle’ dance. The waggle dance (perform)the food supply is far away from home. The search bee does the circle dance when the food supply is close to the home. has found a will be performed if/when

15. Language of flowers romantic love red rose maternal love carnation lotus nobleness chrysanthemum loftiness plum blossom unyielding character lily wishes for marriage

16. Can you think of other ways that information can be exchanged? smoke signal battle drum traffic lights

17. SUmmarization spoken languages of different countries written language language art forms signed signs signals animals’ language plants’ language

18. Do you think English is important? Why or why not? opinion I hold the opinion that… First of all… Secondly… Thirdly… All in all… arguments conclusion

19. I hold the opinion that English is important as it is the most widely used language around the world. Learning English well can benefit you a lot in many aspects. First, a large amount of information is presented(呈现) in English. If you are proficient(精通的) in English, you can obtain information and knowledge easier. Second, as an official language of many countries, English can help you with your study or travel when you are abroad. Third, English also plays a significant role in international trade. All in all, English is very important and we students should learn it well.

20. Reading English and Its History

21. Reading strategy: reading a history article the order of events Dates and years how pieces of information relate to the rest of the text

22. Skimming and Scanning What is the text about? English and its history How many parts can we divide the text into? In what way is English still changing? English is still changing in many ways such as in vocabulary and pronunciation. Introduction Old English Middle English Modern English

23. C1 Fill in the blanks with the following dates from the article Before the middle of the, people in Britain did not speak English. Modern English began to develop in the . Almost everyone in England began to speak modern English in the. 5th century 16th century 14th century

24. At the end of the , Norwegian words began to be used in the English Language. The Normans occupied England in . By the, people in England used Old English as the official language. 9th century 1066 10th century

25. Detailed Reading Why does the English language have so many rules that confuse people? Because it is made up of the grammar and vocabulary that people from different countries and cultures brought with them to Britain. Where did the word English come from? It came from the word Engle, as it was spelt in Old English.

26. Why can words with similar meanings be found in the English language? Because they were from different languages. Who made the greatest contribution to the development from Old English to Middle English? The French-speaking Normans, who took control of England in 1066. Why are many of the words for animals different from those for meat in English？ The words for animals came from Old English, while the words for meat came from Old French.

27. True or False Old English is not that different from the English we speak nowadays. The Angles and the Saxons’ victory led to Old English replacing Celtic. Old English consisted a mixture of the languages of the Angles, the Saxons and the Vikings. The Norman Conquest led to French replacing English in England. ( ) F ( ) T ( ) T ( ) F

28. The words we use for most animals raised for food came from Old French whereas the words for the meat of these animals came from Old English. Adding an –s to a noun to make its plural form is the Germanic way of making words plurals. It was not until the latter half of the 14th century that all classes in England began to use English. Whether English will keep on changing in the future is unknown. ( ) F ( ) F ( ) T ( ) F

29. The Development of English Celtic The Angles the Saxons The Vikings official

30. The Normans first had come into widespread official events Renaissance changing

31. Time Chart The Vikings began to move to Britain The Angles and Saxons occupied Britain and… Became official language Celtic before 5th then end of 9th by 10th Old English

32. The Normans conquered England English came into widespread use Modern English appeared officially used by Henry IV keep on changing 15th latter half of 14th 1066 1399 16th Nowadays Middle English Modern English

33. How did English develop? 1. Old English Languages of the Angles and the Saxons Celtic Languages of the Vikings

34. Middle English French’s influence on English More words with similar meanings Words for meat of animals French way of making plurals

35. Discussion Do you know any Chinese words that came from English?

36. 克隆：clone 马赛克：mosaic 雷达：radar 图腾：totem 逻辑：logic 乌托邦：Utopia 雪纺：chiffon 芒果：mango 吐司：toast 幽默：humor 黑客：hacker 系统：system 杀马特：smart 休克：shock 阿司匹林：asprin

37. Can you think out words and phrases in English that came from Chinese?

38. chow mein Tofu Tao Tai chi fengshui mahjong lichi Dama Shanghainese Maotai Chinglish geilivable

39. Do you think that it is possible for Chinese to become the most popular international language some day?

40. Language Points

41. be made up of 由…组成 【主动】 make up 组成；编造；补足；弥补(for)；化妆 【近义】 consist of (无被动、不用于进行时) be composed of 【形似】 be made of 由…制成(可看出原材料) be made from 由…制成(看不出原材料)

42. My favorite salad lettuce, tomatoes and cucumber. • She a story to comfort her little daughter. • Nylon air, coal and water. • The audience very young children. • The toy cost a dollar and Ted only had fifty cents, so Father the difference. • Societypeople with widely differing abilities. is made of made up is made from is made up of made up is made up of

43. The whole book he wrote (由三部分组成). Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she it with hard work. 一支足球队通常由11名成员组成(consist)。 A football team usually consists of 11 members. 这双筷子是由象牙制成的。 This pair of chopsticks is made of ivory. is made up of three parts makes up for

44. occupyvt. (武力)占领；占据(时间，空间)；忙着；担任(职位) occupy sth. occupy sb./oneself with sth. 使…忙于… occupy sb./oneself (in) doing sth. 使…忙于做… 【n.】 occupation 职业；占用 【adj.】 occupied 被占据的，忙的 be occupied (in) doing sth. be occupied with (doing) sth. 忙于…

45. 首都已经被叛军(rebel army)占领了。 The capital has been occupied by the rebel army. 这个位置有人吗？ Is the seat occupied? 工作上的问题总时不时占据他的思想。 Problems at work occupies his mind from time to time. 4. 她昨天一直忙于办公室的日常工作。 She occupied herself with routine office tasks yesterday. 这家公司一直忙于做市场调研。 The firm has been occupied (in) conducting market research.

46. consist • consist of 由…组成 • consist in 在于… • consist with 与…一致 • 【adj.】 consistent 一致的；持续的 • be consistent with 与…一致/相符 • 【adv.】 consistently 一直；持续地 • 【n.】 consistency 一致性

47. 成功的秘诀在于坚持。 The secret to success consists in insistence. 他是个言行不一的人。 What he says doesn’t consist with what he does. 实验结果和我们之前的研究结果完全一致。 The experiment results are entirely consistent with the earlier research results. 4. 我们一直在为是否改变现有的模式(mode)而争辩。 We have been arguing consistently over whether we should change the current mode or not.

48. mixture n. 混合；混合物；结合体 a mixture of A and B 【v.】mix a. mix A with B / mix A and B 混合A和B b. mix sth./into sth. c. mix up sth. 把…弄乱/弄错 d. mix sb./sth. up (with sb./sth.) 把…错当成…

49. 将水和油混在一起是不可能的。 It’s impossible to mix water with/and oil. 有人把申请表弄乱了。 Someone has mixed up all the application forms. 我想你一定把德语错当成西班牙语了。 I think you must be mixing up German with Spanish.

50. name v. 给…取名 name sb./sth./ (after sb.) to name but a few 等等，不一而足 (2) n. 名字；名气 make one’s name as 作为…而出名 by the name of 名叫…的 in the name of 在…名下 put a name to sb./sth. 记得…的名字 【adv.】 namely 即，也就是