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The Growth of Industry in America

The Growth of Industry in America. By: Ms. Becky Rampey Jenks High School. Causes of Rapid Industrialization. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.

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The Growth of Industry in America

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  1. The Growth of Industry in America By: Ms. Becky Rampey Jenks High School

  2. Causes of Rapid Industrialization • Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s. • The Railroad fueled the growing US economy: *First big business in the US. * A magnet for financial investment. * The key to opening the West. * Aided the development of other industries.

  3. Causes of Rapid Industrialization • Technological innovations.* Bessemerprocess * Refrigerated cars * Mass Production Methods * Great Inventors – Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, George Westinghouse, Henry Bessemer, etc…

  4. Thomas Alva Edison • Light Bulb • Phonograph • Dictaphone • Motion Picture Camera “Wizard of Menlo Park”

  5. Causes of Rapid Industrialization • Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance. • Abundant capital. • New, talented group of • businessmen [entrepreneurs] and advisors. • Market growing as US population increased. • Government willing to help at all • levels to stimulate economic growth. • 9. Abundant natural resources.

  6. New Business Culture • Laissez Faire --> the ideology of the Industrial Age. • Individual as a moral and economic ideal. • Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace. • The market was not man-made or invented. • No room for government in the market!

  7. New Type of Business Entities • Pool 1887 --> Interstate Commerce Act --> Interstate Commerce Commission created. • Trust --> John D. Rockefeller * Standard Oil Co.

  8. Standard Oil Co.

  9. New Type of Business Entities • Trust:* Horizontal Integration --> John D. Rockefeller * Vertical Integration: A. Gustavus Swift--> Meat- packing B. Andrew Carnegie--> U. S. Steel

  10. Iron & Steel Production

  11. New Type of Business Entities

  12. New Financial Businessman The Broker: * J. Pierpont Morgan

  13. The Reorganization of Work Frederick W. Taylor The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) The Assembly Line

  14. “The Protectors of Our Industries”

  15. The “Bosses” of the Senate

  16. “On Wealth” Religion in the Era of Industrialization • Wealth no longer looked upon as bad. • Viewed as a sign of God’s approval. • Christian duty to accumulate wealth. • Should not help the poor. Russell H. Conwell

  17. The Gospel of Wealth • The Anglo-Saxon race is superior. • “Gospel of Wealth” (1889). • Inequality is inevitable and good. • Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.” Andrew Carnegie

  18. So who is doing all this work?? • The Changing American Labor Force

  19. Child Labor

  20. Child Labor

  21. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

  22. The Molly Maguires(1875) JamesMcParland

  23. The Corporate “Bully-Boys” –PinkertonAgents

  24. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor • “scabs” • P. R. campaign. • Pinkertons. • lockout. • blacklisting. • yellow-dog contracts. • court injunctions. • open shop. • boycotts. • sympathy demonstrations. • informational picketing. • closed shops. • organized strikes. • “wildcat” strikes.

  25. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

  26. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  27. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  28. Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

  29. Goals of the Knights of Labor • Eight-hour workday. • Workers’ cooperatives. • Worker-owned factories. • Abolition of child and prison labor. • Increased circulation of greenbacks. • Equal pay for men and women. • Safety codes in the workplace. • Prohibition of contract foreign labor. • Abolition of the National Bank.

  30. Haymarket- Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

  31. Haymarket Martyrs

  32. The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

  33. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers • Catered to the skilled worker. • Represented workers in matters of national legislation. • Maintained a national strike fund. • Evangelized the cause of unionism. • Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. • Mediated disputes between management and labor. • Pushed for closed shops.

  34. Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Homestead Steel Works The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers

  35. A “CompanyTown”: Pullman, IL

  36. Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

  37. The Pullman Strike of 1894

  38. President Grover Cleveland If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

  39. The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

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