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Biopsychosocial Perspective

Biopsychosocial Perspective. Biological genetic physiological Cognitive processes knowledge Socioemotional interactions with others emotional reactions personality. Periods of Human Development (western culture ). Prenatal: conception - birth Infancy: birth - toddler

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Biopsychosocial Perspective

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  1. Biopsychosocial Perspective • Biological • genetic • physiological • Cognitive • processes • knowledge • Socioemotional • interactions with others • emotional reactions • personality

  2. Periods of Human Development(western culture) • Prenatal: conception - birth • Infancy: birth - toddler • Early childhood: toddler - beginning of school • Middle/Late Childhood: beginning of school through beginning of puberty • Adolescence: puberty - adulthood

  3. Developmental Issues • Nature--Nurture: Genetics and Experience • Continuous--Discontinuous: Gradual change across the lifespan or radical change at particular points in life • Relationship of early and late experiences to developmental outcomes

  4. Cognitive Development • Jean Piaget • Stage theory—discontinuous • Structuralist—mental world organized into cohesive units • Constructivist—organism constructs unique meaning around experiences • Equilibration—organism seeks a balance of equilibrium between internal and external states

  5. Stages of Cog. Dev. (Piaget) • Sensorimotor—infancy; knows world through direct sensory and motor experience • Preoperational—emergence of symbolic thought and language; egocentric, lacks conservation, centration,

  6. Stages of Cog. Dev. Cont’d • Concrete Operational—reversible operations; decentration; perspective taking; conservation; limited by experience

  7. Psychosocial Dev: Erikson • Psychoanalytic roots • Cross cultural perspectives • Psychohistories • Interviews with children, adolescents, adults • Stage theorist • Epigenetic Principle

  8. Stages of Psychosocial Dev • Trust-Mistrust—learns environment is predictable and acquires “personal agency” • Autonomy-Shame/Doubt—expresses preferences; asserts will as agent;

  9. Stages of Psychosocial Dev (cont’d) • Initiative-Guilt—goal directed not goal attainment; “initiates” activity • Industry-Inferiority—goal attainment; acquisition of “tools of the culture”

  10. Adolescence—Cognitive Dev • Formal Operational—hypothetical and abstract reasoning; goes beyond experience to abstract the logical structure and apply it beyond concrete experience • Ability to plan, monitor, and evaluate strategies for solving problems and making decisions at a more abstract level

  11. Implications for Adol. Cog. Dev. • Becomes conscious of social injustice • Recognizes inconsistencies in others’ arguments • Makes social comparisons • Able to think in a truly scientific way • Form hypotheses • Test hypotheses • Revise hypotheses

  12. Psychosocial Dev in Adoles. • Erikson’s Identity Achieved vs. Identity Diffused • Marcia’s Identity Status • Diffused • Foreclosed • Moratorium • Achieved • Waterman’s M-A-M-A Cycle

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