Using Media in Multimedia

1. Using Media inMultimedia James D. Lehman Educational Technology School of Education

2. Using Multimedia Objectives forToday’s Presentation

3. Objectives • Identify the major types of media that can be incorporated into multimedia. • Describe basic utilization principles for each medium. • Critically examine examples of the use of various media in presentations.

4. Using Multimedia Types of Media

5. Basic Media Types • Text • Graphics • Audio • Video

6. Text • Font • Typeface, e.g., times, bookman, courier • Size: 24 pt, 32 pt, 48 pt • Style • Boldface, italics, underlined • Shadowed or not shadowed • Color • Text color

7. Text • What are the advantages and limitations of text as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

8. Advantages familiar source material readily available easily produced flexible efficient for many types of content requires little space Limitations reading level required prior knowledge required non-visual limited interactivity can have transport-ability problems Text

9. 60 40 East 20 West 0 North 1st 1st 2nd 2nd Qtr Qtr Qtr Qtr Graphics • Clip Art • Pictures • Figures/Graphs • Animations

10. 60 40 East 20 West 0 North 1st 1st 2nd 2nd Qtr Qtr Qtr Qtr Graphics • Clip Art • Pictures • Figures/Graphs • Animations

11. 60 40 East 20 West 0 North 1st 1st 2nd 2nd Qtr Qtr Qtr Qtr Graphics • Clip Art • Pictures • Figures/Graphs • Animations

12. 60 40 East 20 West 0 North 1st 1st 2nd 2nd Qtr Qtr Qtr Qtr Graphics • Clip Art • Pictures • Figures/Graphs • Animations

13. Graphics • What are the advantages and limitations of graphics as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

14. Advantages efficient gain attention can be used to support text enhance visual appeal Limitations dealing with varying formats storage demands complex graphics may not aid learning non-relevant graphics can interfere Graphics

15. Audio • Simple digital sounds (e.g., WAV files) • Digitally recorded speech • Digital music files (e.g., MIDI) • CD-audio

16. Audio • What are the advantages and limitations of audio as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

17. Advantages good for some realistic content or language teaching helps auditory learners can set a mood complements other media Limitations dealing with varying formats high storage demands may be problematic in some environments Audio

18. Video • Analog video (e.g., videodisc -- requires special system and/or 2nd monitor) • Digital video (e.g., QuickTime, AVI, MPEG)

19. Video • What are the advantages and limitations of video as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

20. Advantages familiar medium good for realism good for showing motion/processes good for physical and interpersonal skills gains attention Limitations very high storage demands (digital) dealing with varying formats digital quality is sometimes poor hard to produce; requires specialized equipment Video

21. Using Multimedia Basic MediaUtilization Principles

22. What are some utilization guidelines or principles for text?

23. Using Text • Keep text simple, and write clearly. • Use correct spelling and grammar. • Write at a level appropriate for the audience. • Use easily readable fonts. Pick a size appropriate to the application. • Avoid uncommon fonts if portability is an issue. • Don’t try to put too much on one screen.

24. Using Text • Use a consistent layout. Use headings to organize and communicate. • Leave plenty of “white” space. • Use contrasting colors for text and background. • Highlight important information, but use highlighting sparingly. • Don’t use ALL CAPITALS.

25. Using Graphics Guidelines What are some utilization guidelines or principles for graphics?

26. Using Graphics • Keep visuals simple; avoid excessive detail. • Use a clear, uncluttered layout. • Properly align and balance visual elements. • Use graphics for interest and to illustrate concepts, but avoid non-relevant visuals. • Use appropriate types of graphics for the content.

27. Using Graphics • Use textual elements with visuals when appropriate. • Use visuals to gain the user’s attention, e.g., through surprise, interaction, or in other ways. • Use pleasing, high contrast or complementary color combinations; use no more than 4-5 colors on-screen at once.

28. Using Graphics • Colors either opposite one another or adjacent to one another on a color wheel tend to work well together.

29. What are some utilization guidelines or principles for audio?

30. Using Audio • Use audio to deliver content when appropriate (e.g., famous speech, heart sounds). • Use only the quality of digital audio (i.e. sampling rate) needed for the content. • Use sounds for emphasis, but avoid using negative sounds for feedback.

31. Using Audio • Use music in the background to enhance interest or set a tone. • Be sure sound quality and volume is adequate. • Make sure audio can be controlled or even turned off through the software or hardware.

32. What are some utilization guidelines or principles for video?

33. Using Video • Use video to deliver content with a high degree of realism, to show motion/processes, or to show people. • Use video for dramatic effect. • Use video for content that has a low potential for change (because of the production costs).

34. Using Video • When video quality is critical, analog video (e.g.,videodisc) or MPEG is probably preferred, but lesser digital formats (e.g., QuickTime) work for much content. • Use pacing and presentation changes in video to create interest. • Design digital video for the limitations of the computer screen (e.g., sizing).

35. Using Multimedia Some Examples

36. Using Multimedia THE END