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Plants & Botany

Plants & Botany. Non – Vascular Plants, Gymnosperms & Angiosperms. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae What do we already know? Eukaryotic Autotrophic – photosynthetic Multicellular Have Chloroplasts Cell walls made of carbohydrate cellulose. Plants. Classification of Plants.

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Plants & Botany

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  1. Plants & Botany Non – Vascular Plants, Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

  2. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae What do we already know? Eukaryotic Autotrophic – photosynthetic Multicellular Have Chloroplasts Cell walls made of carbohydrate cellulose Plants

  3. Classification of Plants

  4. Non - Vascular Plants Vascular Plants Two Major Categories

  5. Non – Vascular Plants • Smaller Plants • No tube systems for transporting materials • Live close to water to absorb nutrients by diffusion • NO roots, stems, or leaves!!! EX: Mosses, Liverworts Where do you think these are in terms of evolution?

  6. Vascular Plants • Have tube-like cells to transport water, food, & minerals (similar to our veins!) • Usually Larger • Can live farther from water b/c they don’t rely on diffusion • Phloem – tubes that move the food (sugar) DOWN from the food producing leaves • Xylem – tubes that move water & minerals UP from the soil • Two Types – Angiosperms & Gymnosperms

  7. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://universe-review.ca/I10-24-vascular.jpg&imgrefurl=http://universe-review.ca/R10-34-anatomy2.htm&h=376&w=544&sz=54&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Qi5FYw4BmpiS1M:&tbnh=92&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflower%2Bxylem%2Bphloem%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://universe-review.ca/I10-24-vascular.jpg&imgrefurl=http://universe-review.ca/R10-34-anatomy2.htm&h=376&w=544&sz=54&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Qi5FYw4BmpiS1M:&tbnh=92&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflower%2Bxylem%2Bphloem%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

  8. Waxy Cuticle – prevents water loss (transpiration) Seed = embryo and food supply protected by a covering - prevents drying out, and helps seed dispersion Adaptations for life on land Source: http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/images/2d.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ginkgo_embryo_and_gametophyte.jpg/768px-Ginkgo_embryo_and_gametophyte.jpg

  9. Spores – reproductive cell or gamete protected by a covering Stomata – pores in leaves that open and close for gas exchange (respiration!) Roots Stems Leaves – help absorb light for photosynthesis. (food energy!!) BIGGER = more photosynthesis Adaptations continued… Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Fern_spores_P1180804.jpg

  10. Stomata • Gas Exchange – Oxygen and water out, Carbon Dioxide in • Controlled by guard cells

  11. Roots - Anchor Plant - Absorb water and minerals - Store starch and become food Stems - Transport materials - Support - Vascular System Source: http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/97/5597-004-AC4B60C5.gif Adaptations continued…

  12. Adaptations Cont… Leaves • Flat, thin organ for photosynthesis • High surface area http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/leafshape.jpg&imgrefurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/16002_12.html&h=272&w=720&sz=26&hl=en&start=21&um=1&tbnid=06KWY1jAiK2UrM:&tbnh=53&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsimple%2Band%2Bcompound%2Bleaf%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

  13. Gymnosperms NAKED seeds Angiosperms Flowering Plants – Coated Seeds Vascular Plants Source: http://adamschneider.net/photos/2006-02-gr/image/img_0422.jpg

  14. Usually Conifers (Evergreen or Pine Trees) Make pine cones as the naked seeds for reproduction Wind Pollinated from male cone pollen to female cone Fertilized gamete (zygote) develops into an an embryo and is dropped to the ground Gymnosperms http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifer

  15. Pollen produced in anther Angiosperms – Flowering Plants Where eggs are produced http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/flwrfamlys.html&h=99&w=130&sz=27&tbnid=DUOIA2M6J84J:&tbnh=99&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflower%2Bparts&hl=en&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=1&ct=image&cd=3 www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/families/flwrparts.jpg&imgrefurl=http://

  16. Anther – makes pollen grains. When the grains are fully grown, the anther splits open to drop the pollen Stamen (male)

  17. Stigma (sticky) Style Ovary (holds the ovules) Ovules (eggs) Pistil (female)

  18. Flowering plants use wind, insects, bats, birds, and mammals to transfer pollen from the male (stamen) part of the flower to the female (stigma) part of the flower Pollination Pollen is plant SPERM flying through the air!

  19. Pollination When the insect visits another flower of the same type, the pollen will stick to the stigma. This is called pollination.

  20. Flowering Plants – Angiosperms Need pollination Bees Use pollen and nectar as a food source Co-evolution of bees & flowersMutual evolutionary influence

  21. Fertilization The pollen travels to the ovary, where it joins with an ovule. This is called fertilization.

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