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Understanding Abnormal Motion Processing and Visuospatial Neglect

Explore the neuropathology, clinical features, and impact of damage to key brain areas affecting motion perception and spatial awareness. Learn about conditions like akinetopsia, Balint's syndrome, and how they manifest in visual processing.

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Understanding Abnormal Motion Processing and Visuospatial Neglect

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  1. Damage to “where” pathway Abnormal motion processing & Visuspatial neglect

  2. Akinetopsia • Clinical features • Can’t see moving objects (as if under strobe lights); can see still objects • People appear suddenly • Neuropathology • BL lesion to area MT (V5; T-O-P junction) • UL lesions cause subtle defects

  3. Akinetopsia • Clinical features • Can’t see moving objects (as if under strobe lights); can see still objects • People appear suddenly • Neuropathology • BL lesion to area MT (V5; T-O-P junction) • UL lesions cause subtle defects

  4. Emotion Localization

  5. Time, sequence, attention and space

  6. Parietal lobe

  7. Parietal lobe

  8. (from Lynch, Mountcastle, Talbot, and Yin, Journal of Physiology, 1977)

  9. Neglect syndrome (right parietal association cortex)

  10. Spatial relationships distorted

  11. Spatial relationships distorted

  12. Left parietal

  13. Parietal lobe

  14. Acalculia • Language • Agraphia • Apraxia

  15. Bilateral Parietal Damage (Balint's Syndrome) • Impaired control over the focus of visual attention due to inattentional amnesia • Complex defects in perception of visual object structure, motion and depth. • Neglect (hemifield)

  16. Bilateral Parietal Damage (Balint's Syndrome) • SIMULTANAGNOSIA: Inability to interpret the totality of a picture scene (can identify individual portions of the whole picture)

  17. Bilateral Parietal Damage (Balint's Syndrome) • Simultanagnosia: Inability to interpret the totality of a picture scene (can identify individual portions of the whole picture) • Optic ataxia: Defects of visually guided hand movement

  18. Bilateral Parietal Damage (Balint's Syndrome) • Simultanagnosia: Inability to interpret the totality of a picture scene (can identify individual portions of the whole picture) • Optic ataxia: Defects of visually guided hand movement • Ocular apraxia: Inability to voluntarily move eyes to objects of interest (difficulty volitionally redirecting gaze

  19. language

  20. L’Hopital Royal de Bicestre Paris about 1750 Paul Broca physician, anatomist, anthropologist 1824-1880

  21. Brain of “Tan” Leborgne (for the last 20 years of his life, the only word M. Leborgne could say was “tan”)

  22. Broca Aphasia (Expressive aphasia) Left hemisphere Broca's aphasia - Sarah Scott - teenage stroke http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew

  23. Wernicke Aphasia (Receptive aphasia) Left hemisphere Wernicke's Aphasia Interview with Amelia Carter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtadyCc_ybo

  24. language

  25. language 117

  26. (right hemisphere)

  27. Prosody of speech (right hemisphere)

  28. Frontal lobe

  29. Effect of damage in the Supplementary Motor Area: difficulty in using two hands together

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