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HEPATITIS A

HEPATITIS A. JUDY MORLEY, MPH STUDENT WALDEN UNIVERSITY 6165-5 INSTRUCTOR: DR. REBECCA HEICK SUMMER, 2009. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. WHAT IS HEPATITIS A? HOW IS THE DISEASE SPREAD? WHO’S AT RISK? HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED AND TREATED? STATISTICS ABOUT THE DISEASE.

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HEPATITIS A

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  1. HEPATITIS A JUDY MORLEY, MPH STUDENT WALDEN UNIVERSITY 6165-5 INSTRUCTOR: DR. REBECCA HEICK SUMMER, 2009

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • WHAT IS HEPATITIS A? • HOW IS THE DISEASE SPREAD? • WHO’S AT RISK? • HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED AND TREATED? • STATISTICS ABOUT THE DISEASE. • WHAT CONTROL/PREVENTION METHODS ARE AVAILABLE?

  3. FOCUS & PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION • THIS PRESENTATION IS FOCUSED ON EDUCATING FOOD HANDLERS/PROCESSORS IN BETTER UNDERSTANDING ALL ASPECTS OF HEPATITIS A.

  4. WHAT IS HEPATITIS A? CAUSE: • Hepatitis A virus (HAV). • Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver. • Other possible causes of hepatitis are: • toxins • certain drugs • some diseases • heavy alcohol use • bacterial infections • viral infections • Hepatitis also is the name of a family of viral infections that affect the liver: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. • Hepatitis A is a contagious liver disease. - severe illness - mild illness • Hepatitis A is spread when a person ingests fecal matter from contact with objects, food, or drinks contaminated by the feces or stool of an infected person. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis. Hepatitis A. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HepatitisA.htm

  5. WHAT IS HEPATITIS A? SIGNS/SYMPTOMS: HAV does not always cause symptoms especially in children, thus adults are more prone to symptoms General Symptoms include: *Fever *Abdominal pain *Dark urine *Fatigue *Clay-colored bowel movements *Loss of appetite *Joint pain *Nausea *Jaundice (a yellowing of the skin or eyes) *Vomiting The symptoms usually begin 2 to 6 weeks after being exposed and last less than 2 months, however, being ill can last up to 6 months. HAV can cause liver failure and then death, but it is rare and occurs in people 50 years old or older. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis A. FAQs for the Public. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/A/aFAQ.htm#transmission

  6. HOW IS THE DISEASE SPREAD? Transmission of HAV occurs when the virus is passed on to other people in various ways which consists of putting something contaminated with the HAV in their mouths (CDC). Even in microscopic amounts — contact with objects, food, or drinks contaminated by the feces or stool - HAV can infect a person (CDC). Incubation period is from 10 to 50 days (average: 30 days)- (FDA, 2007). Severity of the disease can range from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a severe illness lasting several months (CDC). Many infections with HAV do not result in clinical disease, especially in children (FDA, 2007). Center for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.). Division for Hepatitis. Hepatitis. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Resources/Professionals/PDFs/ABCTable.pdf Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Division for Hepatitis. Hepatitis A. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HepatitisA.htm Food and Drug Administration (2007). Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook. Hepatitis A Virus. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.foodsafety.gov/~mow/chap31.html .

  7. HOW IS THE DISEASE SPREAD? Examples of possible spread of HAV are: • Person to person contact • Contaminated food or water Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis A. FAQs for Health Professionals. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HAV.htm

  8. WHO IS AT RISK? • Anyone can get hepatitis A, but certain groups of people are at higher risk and include: • People that travel to or live in countries where HAV is common • Men that have sexual contact with men • Illegal drug use, injected or not injected • Clotting-factor disorders, for example hemophilia • Someone who lives with a person with HAV • Oral-anal sexual contact with a person with HAV Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis A. FAQs for the Public. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/A/aFAQ.htm#transmission

  9. WHO IS AT RISK? ARE FOOD HANDLERS AT RISK OR DO THEY CAUSE THE RISK? “Contamination of foods by infected workers in food processing plants and restaurants is common.” Food and Drug Administration (2007). Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook. Hepatitis A Virus. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.foodsafety.gov/~mow/chap31.html

  10. Diagnosis / Treatment Diagnosis: • Doctors make this determination based on symptoms and by taking a blood sample to look for antibodies (or exposure) to HAV. Treatment: • No specific treatments for HAV as it is a virus just supportive care. • Alcohol should be avoided during this time as the liver is already challenged. • Other possible treatments include immunoglobulins (antibodies) which are made by the body to protect against infection. Given before travel to a country where hepatitis A is common, or to prevent infection after exposure to the hepatitis A virus. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis A. FAQs for the Public. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/A/aFAQ.htm#transmission

  11. STATISTICS ABOUT THE DISEASE • There were approximately 25,000 new HAV infections in 2007 in the US. • HAV rates are decreasing since vaccine use began in 1995. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis A. FAQs for the Public. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/A/aFAQ.htm#UScommon

  12. HEPATITIS A INCIDENCE IN THE UNITED STATES Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis A. FAQs for Health Professionals. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HAV.html

  13. HAV CASES FOR 2007 Center for Disease Control and Prevention,MMWR (2009). Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5803.pdf

  14. WHAT CONTROL/PREVENTION METHODS ARE AVAILABLE? The best way to prevent hepatitis A is by getting vaccinated. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis. Hepatitis A. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HepatitisA.htm

  15. WHAT CONTROL/PREVENTION METHODS ARE AVAILABLE? • Hepatitis A is capable of affecting anyone. • Vaccines are used for long-term HAV prevention in people 1 year of age and older (CDC, 2009). • Spread of Hepatitis A is prevented by utilizing good personal hygiene and proper sanitation (CDC, 2009). • Immunoglobulins can be given before exposure to HAV or to prevent infection after exposure to HAV (CDC FAQ, 2009). Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis A. FAQs for the Public. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/A/aFAQ.htm#transmission Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Immunizations and Vaccinations. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/hepa/default.htm

  16. BASIC REVIEW OF KEY INFORMATION • We’ve discussed in this presentation the following topics: • Recognizing Hepatitis A • The Spread of Hepatitis A • Those at Risk for Hepatitis A • The Method of Diagnosing and Treating Hepatitis A • Hepatitis A Statistics and Understanding them • The Methods of Control and Prevention of Hepatitis A

  17. SOURCES FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION • http://www.medhelp.org/medical-information/show/1694/Hepatitis-A • http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3706 • http://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/hepa-guide/hepatitis-a-prevention

  18. REFERENCES: Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis A. FAQs for Health Professionals. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HAV.htm Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis A. FAQs for the Public. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/A/aFAQ.htm#transmission Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis A. FAQs for the Public. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/A/aFAQ.htm#UScommon Schneider, Mary-Jane (2006) Introduction to Public Health. Sudbury, MA. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.).Division for Hepatitis. Hepatitis. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Resources/Professionals/PDFs/ABCTable.pdf Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Division for Hepatitis. Hepatitis A. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HepatitisA.htm Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).Immunizations and Vaccinations. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/hepa/default.htm Center for Disease Control and Prevention,MMWR (2009). Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5803.pdf Food and Drug Administration (2007). Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook. Hepatitis A Virus. Information retrieved July 18, 2009 from: http://www.foodsafety.gov/~mow/chap31.html

  19. QUESTIONS/COMMENTS

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