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Tropical Africa and Asia, 1200-1500

Tropical Africa and Asia, 1200-1500. John Ermer AP World History Miami Beach Senior High . The Tropics. Muslim world stretched from Spain to India and to southeast Asia, and southern Eurasia to Sub-Saharan Africa

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Tropical Africa and Asia, 1200-1500

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  1. Tropical Africa and Asia, 1200-1500 John Ermer AP World History Miami Beach Senior High

  2. The Tropics • Muslim world stretched from Spain to India and to southeast Asia, and southern Eurasia to Sub-Saharan Africa • Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia share religious and geographic similarities • Arabic, Islam, tropical weather, monsoons • Ibn-Battuta travels through Muslim world • Tropical climates present difficulties, and many different cultures emerge throughout the tropics • Hunting and gathering • Biological changes among population (Pygmys) • Animal domestication • Water control & irrigation • Delhi Sultinate(1206-1526) canal system/dry season • Mineral wealth

  3. Monsoons

  4. Tropical Islam • Mali (Bilad al-sudan) • Founded by Africans who earlier converted to Islam • Mostly learned of Islam through trade, not force • Islam appealed to poor (alms) and leaders (military, admin) • Grew rich through Sub-Saharan trade/gold • Sundiata leads Malinke people to victory, founds Mali • Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca, gold & edu. • Mansa Suleiman & Ibn-Battuta’s travels • Sultanate of Delhi (India) • Turkish Muslims easily defeat small Indian states • Eventually recognized as official by caliph, pacified • Some sultans tolerant, most used terror to control land • Muslim infighting and Hindu challenges end Delhi Sultanate • Bahmani Empire (Muslim) • Vijayanager Empire (Hindu)

  5. Ibn Battuta

  6. Timbuktu

  7. African Christianity • Early Christian communities established in N. Africa • c. 350: Kingdom of Axum converts to Christianity • Ethiopian kingdom, Bible translated • Solomonic dynasty claims ties to David and Solomon • Ethiopia remains Christian island, surrounded by Islam • Ethiopian Christianity takes on unique qualities

  8. Indian Ocean • 1200: Indian Ocean=world’s richest trade zone • Western trade made on dhows (Indian ships) • Eastern trade made on junks (Chinese ships) • Swahili Africa & Zimbabwe (Sawahil al-sudan) • Arab and Iranian merchants establish trade on Swahili Coast looking for gold • Trading towns and economies emerge on east coast • Gold came from Great Zimbabwe • Inland kingdom on plateau south of Zambezi River • Declined due to ecological disaster • Aden • Rich and tolerant trading post in South Arabia • The Malabar Coast and Gujarat • Grows rich from exporting cotton and indigo West • Large textile manufacturing center • Malacca • Main port city between Indian Ocean & South China Sea • Cosmopolitan city

  9. Cultural Changes • Growth of noble and slave populations • Swahili mosques combine local materials with Middle Eastern architectural styles • Hindu architecture influences mosque designs • Islam spreads literacy in Africa & Asia • Urdu Persian influenced Hindi literature • Arabic speaking Quarnic schools in Timbuktu • Status of Hindu women rise, but harems abound • Tropical women produce most of the farm work • Converting to Islam gave women more rights • Not all Arab social norms followed Islam, some non-Arab Muslim women had more rights than Arab women

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