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Understanding Generators: Renewable vs Non-Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Density

This lesson explores the workings of generators through electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field induces electric current. We differentiate between renewable and non-renewable energy sources, noting that non-renewable sources like fossil fuels and nuclear energy are finite, while renewable sources like solar, wind, and biomass are linked to the sun. Energy density is examined, detailing how much energy can be obtained from a unit mass of fuel, with comparisons of various fuels, including coal, wood, gasoline, and uranium.

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Understanding Generators: Renewable vs Non-Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Density

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Topic 8 – Lesson 2 • Workings of a generator • Energy sources • Renewable and non-renewable • Energy density

  2. Electromagnetic induction

  3. Electromagnetic induction If a magnet is moved inside a coil an electric current is induced (produced)

  4. Electromagnetic induction A electric current is induced because the magnetic field around the coil is changing.

  5. Generator/dynamo A generator works in this way by rotating a coil in a magnetic field (or rotating a magnet in a coil)

  6. Energy Sources

  7. Non-renewable?

  8. Non-renewable • Finite (being depleted – will run out) • In general from a form of potential energy released by human action

  9. Fossil fuels – Coal, oil, gas

  10. Nuclear fuels

  11. Renewable?

  12. Renewable • Mostly directly or indirectly linked with the sun • The exception is tidal energy

  13. Photovoltaic cells

  14. Active solar devices

  15. Wind

  16. Wave

  17. Tidal

  18. Biomass

  19. World energy production

  20. Energy Density

  21. Energy Density • The energy that can be obtained from a unit mass of the fuel • J.kg-1 • If the fuel is burnt the energy density is simply the heat of combustion

  22. Energy density • Coal - 30 MJ.kg-1 • Wood - 16 MJ.kg-1 • Gasoline – 47 MJ.kg-1 • Uranium – 7 x 104 GJ.kg-1 (70000000 MJ.kg-1)

  23. Hydroelectric energy density?

  24. Hydroelectric energy density? • Imagine 1 kg falling 100m. • Energy loss = mgh = 1x10x100 = 103 J • If all of this is turned into electrical energy it gives an “energy density” of the “fuel” of 103 J.kg-1

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