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Hormonal Regulation of Carbohydrates

Hormonal Regulation of Carbohydrates. Hormones. What are hormones? maintain homeostasis (jack) chemical messenger (jady) chemical produced at one part of the body in response to situation at another part of the body insulin & glucagon – from the pancreas to regulate blood glucose level (bgl).

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Hormonal Regulation of Carbohydrates

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  1. Hormonal Regulationof Carbohydrates

  2. Hormones What are hormones? • maintain homeostasis (jack) • chemical messenger (jady) • chemical produced at one part of the body in response to situation at another part of the body • insulin & glucagon – from the pancreas to regulate blood glucose level (bgl)

  3. Islet of Langerhans

  4. When B.G.L is high Insulin is released (β) body cells to take in glucose Muscles and liver takes in glucose (why?) muscle & liver cells use glucose to make glycogen for storage Excess glucose is turned into fat (why?) long-term storage of energy When B.G.L is low Glucagon is released (α) Epinephrine and cortisol are released Hydrolysis of glycogen Blood Glucose Level

  5. Insulin-ResponsiveGlucose Transporter

  6. a lot more complex…

  7. Insulin Promotes Energy Storage • Uptake of glucose into some cells • Glycogenesis: glucose  glycogen (reversible) • Glucose  fatty acids (irreversible) • Stimulate protein synthesis

  8. Hypoglycemia – low glucose • Feel nauseated, dizzy, irritable, sleepy, etc • Too much insulin produced • Prolonged exercise • Reactive hypoglycemia • Fasting hypoglycemia

  9. Glucagon PromotesMobilization of Stored Energy • Glycogenolysis: glycogen  glucose glucagon – liver to break up glycogen to release glucose into the blood for energy epinephrine – muscle to break up glycogen to release glucose used by muscles • Gluconeogenesis: amino acids  glucose liver glycogen lasts for about 24 hrs after that the body breaks down proteins for energy • Ketogenesis: fatty acids  ketones (acidic/toxic)

  10. Ketogenesis • Fatty acids  ketones • Occurs in the liver • Stimulated by glucagon • Energy usable by the brain, heart, muscles, and kidney • Accumulation of ketones  ketosis

  11. Immediate Energy Source • Cortisol released in response to a “fight or flight” situation • Decrease glucose uptake (exept for the brain) • Stimulate glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis

  12. Concept Map Groups of 2 or 3 • Blood glucose level Scott & Tommy / Isabelle & Shirley • Chemical reactions in b.g.l. regulation Joseph & jack / lily & Noelle • Hormones involved in b.g.l. regulation Jady & Leo & George Theo & Emily & Maggie

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