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Understanding Graphs in AP Economics: Key Concepts and Techniques

This appendix provides a comprehensive overview of graphs in AP Economics, detailing how to plot points on a two-variable graph, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables, and understanding the significance of the X and Y axes. It explores linear and nonlinear relationships, including how to analyze the slope of curves and their implications. The document also covers methods for calculating the area under curves and presents various types of graphical representations such as time-series, scatter diagrams, pie charts, and bar charts. Enhance your grasp of economic data visualization with these essential concepts.

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Understanding Graphs in AP Economics: Key Concepts and Techniques

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  1. AP Economics Mr. Bernstein Section 1 Appendix: Graphs in Economics September 12, 2014

  2. AP EconomicsMr. Bernstein Plotting Points on a Two-Variable Graph • Horizontal axis is X-axis • Vertical axis is Y-axis • Origin is where axes meet, variables = zero • X-axis is the independent variable • Y-axis is the dependent variable • Example: Temperature and soda sales

  3. AP EconomicsMr. Bernstein Curves on a Graph • Linear Relationship • Positive Relationship • Negative Relationship • Examples: Temperature and soda sold, Temperature and Hot Chocolate sold

  4. AP EconomicsMr. Bernstein Slope of a Linear Curve • Measure of steepness, or how strong the effect of the independent variable is on the dependent variable…aka sensitivity or delta • Change in y / Change in x = slope • Slope of horizontal line is zero • Slope of vertical line is infinite

  5. AP EconomicsMr. Bernstein Slope of a Linear Curve

  6. AP EconomicsMr. Bernstein Nonlinear Curves • Positive Increasing Slope • Positive Decreasing Slope • Negative Increasing Slope (concave) • Negative Decreasing Slope (convex)

  7. AP EconomicsMr. Bernstein Nonlinear Curves

  8. AP EconomicsMr. Bernstein Slope of Nonlinear Curves • Slope is changing as you move along the curve • Slope is typically expressed as the slope between two points • Curves can have maximum or minimum points (where slope changes from positive to negative or vice versa)

  9. AP EconomicsMr. Bernstein Calculating Area Below or Above a Linear Curve • Measure height and base of right triangle, multiply, then divide by 2

  10. AP EconomicsMr. Bernstein Graphs That Depict Numerical Information • Time-Series • Scatter Diagrams • Pie Charts • Bar Charts and Histograms

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