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Sheep & Goat Feeding Ansci 520

Sheep & Goat Feeding Ansci 520. Dr. Dan Morrical Iowa State University. Sheep vs goats vs cows. Intake Rate of passage Physical attributes Production levels and gestation ex. Growth rates. Very picky eaters. Process roughage or feed very high quality Goats, extreme sorters

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Sheep & Goat Feeding Ansci 520

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  1. Sheep & Goat FeedingAnsci 520 Dr. Dan Morrical Iowa State University

  2. Sheep vs goats vs cows • Intake • Rate of passage • Physical attributes • Production levels and gestation • ex. Growth rates

  3. Very picky eaters • Process roughage or • feed very high quality • Goats, extreme sorters • pellet rations to prevent sorting

  4. Sheep vs goats vs cows • GrassForbsBrowse • Sheep 50 30 20 • Cattle 70 15 15 • Goats 30 10 60 • Van Dyne et al. 1980 • Impact supplementation stratgedies

  5. Young Lambs • Enterotoxemia • Clostridium perfringens type C • Symptoms • Sudden death in 7-21 day old lambs

  6. Young Lambs....continued • Prevention • Booster dams in late gestation • Vaccinate lambs at 21 days and weaning • Orphan vaccination • Maximum colostrum intake • Misdiagnosed-selenium/Vit. E deficiency or pneumonia

  7. Purchased feeder lambs Assume no grain exposure Assume no vaccinations Vaccine is highly effective Feed company approach lower energy diets

  8. Goiter • Symptoms • Enlarged thyroid • Poor wool coat at birth • Low vigor/survival

  9. Goiter.....continued • Prevention • Iodized salt • Compensate for goitergens (kale, brassicas, etc.) • New NRC .8 PPM instead of .1 to .8 range

  10. Finishing Lambs • Enterotoxemia/Overeating • Symptoms • Best doing lambs • Uncoordinated movement • Rapid death

  11. Finishing Lambs...continued • Prevention • Vaccination - toxoid • Bunk management • Gradual ration changes • Antibiotics • Misdiagnosed-polio and • Vit. E/Se deficiency, pneumonia

  12. Urinary Calculimuch more important, why • •Wether lambs and stud rams • •Several types-phosphate, calcium, silica • •Problem-concentrates are • low in Ca and high in P

  13. Urinary Calculi...continued • •Prevention • Water intake • Salt (.5 to 1% of ration) • Ammonium chloride or sulfate • Add calcium to achieve >1.5:1 ratio to phosphorous • Never add phosphorous • New NRC

  14. White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease • Symptoms • Stiff rear legs and arched back • Sudden death • Aspiration Pneumonia • Poor suckling reflex • Poor reproduction

  15. White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease...continued • Cause • Deficiency of Vit. E and/or Selenium • Note: Se is toxic but Vitamin E is not and • E is also cheap • Feds control how much Se, .69 mg/h/d • High grain rations reduce Vit. E activity • Newborns only source of E is milk • New NRC increased E levels 5 times

  16. Results - Serum E ewes • Con E-G E-L E-GL • Pretreatment 1.27 1.26 • Pre-lambing 1.51a 1.91b • Post-lambinga .93a 1.13b • Mid-lactation .97a .95a 1.28b 1.37b • Milk e at 3 days 10.8 15.1 • a,b Row means with different superscripts differ (p<.05).

  17. Results - Serum E lambs • Con E-G E-L E-GL • 3 days 1.08 1.08 • 28 days .41 .38 1.33 1.33

  18. Polioencephalomacia • Thiamine deficiency • Prevention • Maintain rumen health • Gradual ration changes • Feed some long fiber • Sulfur intake Less risk than cattle

  19. Copper Toxicosis, sheep • Breed susceptibility • Mineral interactions-Mo & Su, • along with high Zn & Ca • Iowa Feedstuffs: • Normal copper, low molybdenum

  20. Copper Toxicosis...continued • Prevention • Sheep specific feeds • No additional copper • Feed some Mo • Copper & Molybdenum • are both toxic • Goats use beef mineral

  21. Copper: Feed mill precautions SOP’s What would they be? 1. Liability insurance

  22. Pregnancy Toxemia • Cause - Excess fat catabolism and ketone accumulation • Prevention • Over conditioned ewes • Increased conc. feeding LG coops add molasses ??? • Fetal scans • Pre-lambing shearing

  23. Pregnancy Toxemia...continued • Treatment • Propylene glycol • Induced parturition • Severe cases usually do not recover • why ?????

  24. Grass Tetany • Hypomagnesia • Cause: excess potassium • Lactating ewes on lush, spring pasture • N fertilization increases risks • Stress induced

  25. Grass Tetany...continued • Magnesium oxide in mineral • poor palatability. • Sudden death-confirmation by necropsy

  26. Milk Fever • Ewes vs. Dairy Cows • Cause • Calcium deficiency ?? • Stress induced

  27. MIlk Fever...continued • Late gestation ewes carrying triplets • Symptoms • Depressed, lethargic, recumbent • Treatment • Calcium gluconate • Rapid response

  28. Wool Pulling • Cause • Inadequate dry matter intake • Small particle size, effective fiber • Low phosphorous intake

  29. Wool Pulling...continued • Prevention • Maximum 50% concentration ration • Improved feeding technique • Offer some low quality, long forage • Evaluate phosphorous level

  30. Summary • Common sense eliminates most disorders • Shepherd mistakes creates a lot of the disorders • Seek advice if not sure of what you are doing

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