Documentation One

1. Documentation One

2. A Research Paper is … • - long • - filled with facts, quotes, paraphrases • - a multi-step process OR -

3. My definition: A Research Paper is a long essay PLUS Documentation

4. What is documentation? • The record of the SOURCE for each FACT • Allows reader to check and confirm that you are correct

5. No documentation needed for general knowledge • general knowledge = facts most people know. If 8 out of 10 people know it, that’s general knowledge.

6. Documentation needed for ALL expert or specialist knowledge • expert knowledge = Facts that people who work in a field or study a field know, but not all others. If three out of ten or fewer know it, that’s expert knowledge. You must document it!

7. Documentation needed for ALL expert or specialist knowledge Quote, paraphrase, summary … if it’s expert knowledge, DOCUMENT.

8. So, again: What is documentation? • The record of the SOURCE for each FACT • Allows reader to check and confirm that you are correct • It appears in two places for each fact

9. We will use MLA format, but there are many other styles. Each has its own set of rules. Different majors use different styles.

10. FIRST • Documentation appears next to the expert knowledge. • Dan Koeppel, writing about China’s bicycle culture, states: “ . . . all the way into the 1990s, the Flying Pigeon was the most popular vehicle on earth.” • Since the 1949 Revolution and “ . . . all the way into the 1990s, the Flying Pigeon was the most popular vehicle on earth” (Koeppel).

11. FIRST • SIGNAL PHRASEDan Koeppel, writing about China’s bicycle culture, states: “ . . . all the way into the 1990s, the Flying Pigeon was the most popular vehicle on earth.” or • PARENTHETICAL CITATIONSince the 1949 Revolution and “ . . . all the way into the 1990s, the Flying Pigeon was the most popular vehicle on earth” (Koeppel).

12. SECOND • The expert knowledge is documented in the Works Cited page.Koeppel, Dan. “Mao’s Mass Transit: China’s Bike Culture.”Utne Reader. Feb. 2011.

13. Works Cited page: • The Works Cited page is at the very end of the research paper. It’s titled “Works Cited” but it’s a PART of the paper. Use the Page Break function!

14. Works Cited page: • Double-spaced • In alphabetical order • Uses “hanging” indent • Lists author before title • If no author, lists title first • Author’s last name first (if one author)

15. Before Works Cited, let’s understand inline citations. Remember these? • SIGNAL PHRASEDan Koeppel, writing about China’s bicycle culture, states: “ . . . all the way into the 1990s, the Flying Pigeon was the most popular vehicle on earth.” or • PARENTHETICAL CITATIONSince the 1949 Revolution and “ . . . all the way into the 1990s, the Flying Pigeon was the most popular vehicle on earth” (Koeppel).

16. In-Text or Inline Citation • Examples of documentation in the body of your paper: • Here are some examples of citation methods for different kinds of sources. Citation methods will be the same for quotes or paraphrases. Note the punctuation (period comes after the parentheses). Sources from the Internet do not have page numbers. • Yellow highlighting = citation appears in signal phrase • Blue highlighting = citation appears in parenthetical citation • Pink highlighting = Signal phrase with NO citation

17. Source is a book • Dan Koeppel, writing about China’s bicycle culture, states: " . . . all the way into the 1990s, the Flying Pigeon was the most popular vehicle on earth" (62). • Since the 1949 Revolution and " . . . all the way into the 1990s, the Flying Pigeon was the mostpopular vehicle on earth" (Koeppel 62).

18. Source is database or website • Peter Pietromonaco, writing in Poptronics, describes the process thus: “Once you press that SEND button, your e-mail . . . basically takes the scenic route, dotted with overlooks and pit-stops – until it reaches its final destination.” • A simple e-mail message takes a winding and hazardous path: “Once you press that SEND button,your e-mail . . . basically takes the scenic route, dottedwith overlooks and pit-stops – until it reaches its final destination” (Pietromonaco).

19. Article with multiple authors • Indeed, Mark Mazzetti and David Cloud confirm, “Secret detention of terrorism suspects has been widely criticized by human rights organizations and foreign governments as a violation of international law that relied on interrogation methods verging on torture.” • Experts acknowledge, “Secret detention of terrorism suspects has been widely criticized by human rights organizations and foreign governments as a violation of international law that relied on interrogation methods verging on torture” (Mazzetti & Cloud).

20. Article with 3 or more authors • Naughton et al. point out that the two huge car companies differ in both their technical methods and their business plans for the U.S. • Observers of the industry recognize: “In addition to taking different technological paths, Toyota and GM have taken different approaches toward expansion in the U.S. market” (Naughton et al.).

21. Article with no author • According to an article in The New York Times, “It takes a hundred times the amount of powder cocaine to result in the same prison term as for crack” (“Changes to Come on Sentencing?”). • The article “Changes to Come on Sentencing?” points out that crack cocaine earns much longer prison terms than does powder cocaine – the difference is a hundredfold.

22. Source quoted in another source • Nichols quotes an expert who believes that further research into cloning brings us nearer to the day we will clone a human being. • George Seidel, a cloning expert at Colorado State University, says, “The more we understand about cloning, . . . the closer we are to replicating humans” (qtd. in Nichols).

23. Personal Interview • A Windows dealer, Charles Huynh, interviewed on January 12th, 2014, said, "External hard drives allow for much greater storage capacity but may be more prone to breakdown than DVDs.” • I interviewed a Windows dealer, who said, "External hard drives allow for much greater storage capacity but may be more prone to breakdown than DVDs " (Huynh).

24. Got it? • Easy, right? • 