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Scientific Communication

Scientific Communication. How many scientists does it take to screw in a light bulb?. The Course. Our perspective Understand the scientific process Understand the “business” of research Learn how to evaluate a clinical research study

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Scientific Communication

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  1. Scientific Communication How many scientists does it take to screw in a light bulb?

  2. The Course • Our perspective • Understand the scientific process • Understand the “business” of research • Learn how to evaluate a clinical research study • Learn to distinguish between “good” and “suspect” research • Understand the basic approach to evidence-based dentistry • Your expectations? • The web site • www.umich.edu/~bmsteach/lopatin/communications/index.html Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  3. Finding the Answer Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  4. Finding the Answer • Clinical practice requires the use of the “best” solution to a patient’s problem • Scientific investigation does not generally focus on a single patient’s problem. • Basic biological mechanisms • Population issues • Materials properties • The “consumer” clinician must “crystallize” the problem and utilize the best information resources to address it. Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  5. Similarities between finding the answer in research and in clinical practice • Both begin with a question to be answered • Focused clinical question • Hypothesis • Strategy to answer question is developed • Search existing information • Implement best solution to problem • Treat patient • Perform experiment Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  6. Research Path • Research Problem • Formulate the hypothesis based on best available literature • Hypothesis can be answered either true or false • Types of problems • Prognosis • Prevention/treatment • Diagnosis • Causation, etiology, harm • Study Design • What is the best model with which to test hypothesis Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  7. Research Path (cont’d) • Obtain IRB approval • Peer Review (Institutional Review Board) • Obtain funding for study • Peer Review (Study Section, Foundation Committee • Industry (Research Manager, Marketing Group, etc.) • Perform study • Perform data analysis • Confirm or disprove hypothesis • Submit findings for publication • Peer review • Technical Report • Lay Press Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  8. Research Path (cont’d) • Publication in public domain • Print • Electronic • Presentation at meetings • Findings accessible to “outside” world • Medline (NLM) and other biological databases • Websites • Infomercial • Lay Press • Findings generate new questions Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  9. Issues that influence research • Investigator bias • National funding priorities • Industrial funding priorities • Peer reviewer bias at funding and publication levels Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  10. Finding the answer for a specific patient • A “problem” presents itself (the patient walks in the door) • Prevention or treatment • Diagnosis • Prognosis • Causation/etiology/harm • Define the problem • Develop a focused clinical question to aid in finding the “right”solution Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  11. Finding the answer for a specific patient (cont’d.) • The focused question addresses/defines: • The patient and/or the problem • The intervention/treatment/prognostic factor under consideration • The comparison intervention/treatment/prognostic factor (may not be one) • Desired outcome Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  12. Focused question table Developing a focused question (Center for Evidence-Based Medicine) CEBM Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  13. Define the search strategy • Sensitivity and specificity of the search (hedges and filters) • Identify the information resources • Medline and other electronic databases • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews • Reviews and Meta-analyses • Clinical Practice Guidelines (Parameters of care and position papers • Hand Searching • Experts • Your clinical judgment Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  14. Quality Control • What is the “best” data on which to base my decisions? • Experimental design • Statistical considerations • Intangibles • Funding sources • Conflict of interest • Peer review • Journal standing Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  15. Back to the focused question • The Well-Built Clinical Question CEBM Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

  16. In-Class Practice • Create a scenario in small groups • Develop a focused question • Homework assignment Dennis E. Lopatin, Ph.D.

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