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Ms Leslie History 12. Soviet Foreign Policy to 1939. Major elements. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - gets Russia out of the war as Lenin felt the revolution would not survive while fighting Germany Civil War - Foreign powers helped out the Whites and started the tension
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Ms Leslie History 12 Soviet Foreign Policy to 1939
Major elements Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - gets Russia out of the war as Lenin felt the revolution would not survive while fighting Germany Civil War - Foreign powers helped out the Whites and started the tension Foreign trade ended after revolution - because production stopped and because the West would not recognize USSR
4. Marxist theory dictates that other European revolutions would follow. They were attempted and crushed in Germany, Bavaria, Hungary and Rumania. Clear that the USSR would be a lonely Soviet Island to be an example.
Lenin Improves relations with the West Cancels Tsarist debts and treaties Attended the 1922 Genoa Conference – showed USSR wanted to get out of isolation - Signed the Rapallo Treaty at this Conference USSR finally recognized by UK in 1924 and the USA in 1933 under Roosevelt
Socialism in One Country Stalin shifted policy from helping revolutions elsewhere to focusing on perfecting communist in USSR This policy helped him win power from Trotsky as it was less risky.
Period of Normalization Participated in Western Affairs if it meant helping with Collective Security 1928 - Kellogg-Briand Pact - denouncing war with other European Nations 1934 joined League of Nations 1932 signed nonaggression pacts with Poland, Estonia, Latvia, and Finland 1934 signed nonaggression pacts with Czechoslovakia and Rumania
Normalization con’t 1935 - at 7th Congress (meeting of international communist organizations) agreed to co-operate with other political groups against Fascism. During the 1930’s - shared UK’s fear over Japan’s power. Feared a 2 front war
May 1935, a Franco-Soviet Pact was signed, providing for mutual support if a 3rd party attacked either. aim of containing Nazi Germany's aggression in 1935. Franco–Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance
1935, the Comintern also adopted the idea of the Popular Front, a Willingness to co-operate with any group, Rightist or Leftist, which resisted the Fascists of the Japanese Militarists. Successes occurred with Popular Front governments elected in France, Spain and Chile
1936 sent help to Spanish Government USSR was the only Country to help the legitimate Spanish government against Franco. In November 1938 Stalin decided to cut his losses. A propaganda success - Anti-Fascists everywhere noted Soviet involvement and the non-involvement of other nations in defending the legitimately elected legal government of Spain. Stalin and the Spanish Civil War
Stalin during Hitler’s Appeasment Stalin had been worried about Hitler from day 1. He warned the West that Hitler was not to be trusted In 1938 Stalin was ready to go to war over Czechoslovakia - when the West gave it away, Stalin realized he was on his own.
On August 23, 1939 a Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact was signed. Increased trade Neither side would attack the other - Hitler gets his one from war. USSR to get Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Eastern Poland Germany to get everything West of the above. Molotov-Ribbentorp Pact
BTW Hitler and Stalin never met, nor did they even speak on the telephone. The only Nazi leader to have met Stalin was Ribbentrop when he visited the Kremlin in August and September 1939.The Russian Foreign Minister, Molotov, met Hitler though in November 1940 during an official state visit to Berlin.
