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World War II 1939-1945. APUSH Part II. Allied vs. Axis Powers. Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, USA, Soviet Union Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan. Selective Service. U.S. Fought WWII in two fronts; Atlantic & Pacific 5 million volunteers not enough to effectively wage war
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World War II1939-1945 APUSHPart II
Allied vs. Axis Powers • Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, USA, Soviet Union • Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
Selective Service • U.S. Fought WWII in two fronts; Atlantic & Pacific • 5 million volunteers not enough to effectively wage war • Selective Service added 10 million soldiers • What was the role of women & minorities in the war effort?
Women in WWII • Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) • Allowed women volunteers to join the military and serve in non-combat positions • How did women help out on the home front during WWII? • Took over jobs left behind by men
Minorities & WWII • WWII created problems in armed forces • As minorities rushed to enlist the military was pressured to end discrimination & segregation • Despite poor treatment many minority groups continued to serve in U.S. Military
Organized march on Washington to protest discrimination in military & industry Met with FDR who issued order for end of discrimination in industry Why was it so important to end discrimination in industry during WWII? A. Philip Randolph
Many African-Americans & women work industrial jobs for the first time Support for war time industries just as important as support for war itself Women and Minorities proved they are just as capable in factory work as white men Industry during WWII “Rosie the Riveter”
Economic Conversion • Economy must shift to totally support war effort • Factories converted to war production • Mechanical pencils = bomb parts • Bedspreads = mosquito nets • Less chrome on cars • Increased ship building
Rationing of rare goods to conserve resources during WWII Meat, sugar, coffee Shoes, metal, gasoline Price controls to stop inflation War Production Board (WPB) Rationed fuel & materials vital to war effort Office of Price Administration (OPA) fought wartime inflation by freezing wages, prices and rent Rationing & Price Controls
Japanese Internment • After Pearl Harbor many innocent Japanese Americans are sent to internment camps • Hypocritical? • Many Americans falsely thought Japanese immigrants were spies • 110,000 Japanese Americans put in 10 “relocation centers”, mostly on the West Coast
German Blitzkrieg • Nazi military Strategy, quick moving military attacks • Based on surprise and use of overwhelming force
Hitler order’s U-boat attacks on U.S. ships Hitler’s goal was to cut off Europe from U.S. supplies Allies use convoy ships with sonar to defeat Axis powers and take control of Atlantic Battle for the Atlantic
D-Day • June 6, 1944 • Began the Battle of Normandy • 3 million allied troops invade Nazi controlled Northern France • Commanded by Dwight D. Eisenhower • Land-Sea-Air assault • Allies liberate France from German control
The Fall of Berlin • April of 1945 the Soviet Army marches into Berlin, Germany’s capital • German citizens and the gov’t panicked • Hitler commits suicide • May 8, 1945 Allies celebrate V-E day • FDR dies on April 12, 1945
War in the Pacific • Early on Japan dominate the Pacific WWII theater • U.S. Navy is devastated from surprise attack on Pearl Harbor • Battle of Midway is the turning point • Allies slowly begin to take territory back from Japanese & move closer to Japan
Battle of MidwayJune 3, 1942 • Turning point in the Pacific War • Allies break Japanese code & knew the small island of Midway was next target • Caught Japanese off guard & destroyed 4 aircraft carriers and 250 combat planes
How does the United States end WWII in the Pacific? • What are the scientific, economic, and military implications of using nuclear warfare?
Dropped Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japan Why did U.S. feel forced to use nuclear weapons? Why was FDR not apart of this process? Who became President after FDR died? Harry Truman 200,000 people die in Japan The Atomic Bomb
WWII Propaganda • For each poster answer the following two questions: • Who is the poster’s target audience? • Most important/appealing aspect of the poster • After viewing all the posters answer the following question: • Which Poster is most effective in getting its message across?
