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Nadereh Chamlou December 8, 2005 Rabat, Maroc

Gender and the Investment Climate in Egypt. Nadereh Chamlou December 8, 2005 Rabat, Maroc. Why gender ownership of enterprises matters? Do women entrepreneurs in Egypt face different problems? How can we enhance Egyptian women’s participation in entrepreneurial activities?.

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Nadereh Chamlou December 8, 2005 Rabat, Maroc

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  1. Gender and the Investment Climate in Egypt Nadereh Chamlou December 8, 2005 Rabat, Maroc

  2. Why gender ownership of enterprises matters? • Do women entrepreneurs in Egypt face different problems? • How can we enhance Egyptian women’s participation in entrepreneurial activities?

  3. Why gender ownership of enterprisesmatters? • Tapping on “unused” human capital that has been greatly invested in through health and education programs. • Promoting women entrepreneurs will often lead to recruiting more women as women employers tend to comply more easily with family-friendly labor regulations. • Increasing women’s income tend to correlate with greater expenditure on family welfare and children. • Removing any gender-bias in the investment climate, and maintaining a level playing field is essential for reducing any market distortion.

  4. Industriessectors . . . 15% majority owned by women. . . . . • Do women entrepreneurs in Egypt face different problems? Legal status. . . . . mostly individual or family owned (90%) Firm-level survey of a stratifies random sample of 1,036 firms in 16 Governorate. • Size of firms . . . • mainly small • Large (>100 employees) 15% • Medium (50–100) 25% • Small (10-49) 60%

  5. Do women entrepreneurs in Egypt face different problems? Percentage of Firms Rating Constraints as major or server Main Findings of the Investment Climate Assessment

  6. Do women entrepreneurs in Egypt face different problems? Finance as a Major Constraint

  7. Do women entrepreneurs in Egypt face different problems? Sources of Finance Loans Rejection Rates Collateral Requirements Men Women

  8. Significant improvements witnessed No major changes Worsening Comparing ICA (December 2004)with ICA (June 2005) Preliminary Findings Recent reforms have changed investors’ perception of the investment climate and their potential for expansion—having more confidence and less uncertainty, except in certain areas.

  9. Sectoral Distribution by Gender of Firm Owner Exporting Firms by Gender of Firm Owner More participation of women in entrepreneurship activities will generate higher growth rates. Share of Women Employee by Gender of Firm Owner

  10. How can we enhance Egyptian women’s participation in entrepreneurial activities? • Ensuring an enabling environments that facilitated private sector development for both women and men. • Addressing the issue of access to finance through developing non-bank financial institutions, and encouraging banks to play their intermediation role. • Investing in infrastructure and social services to support women balance between their family responsibilities and duty as a productive individual in the economy.

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