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Post World War II President Harry S Truman United Nations

OGT Benchmark: Analyze connections between World War II, the Cold War, and contemporary conflicts. Post World War II President Harry S Truman United Nations Beginning of the Cold War with the Soviet Union Containment/Truman Doctrine The Marshall Plan The Problem With Germany

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Post World War II President Harry S Truman United Nations

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  1. OGT Benchmark: Analyze connections between World War II, the Cold War, and contemporary conflicts. • Post World War II • President Harry S Truman • United Nations • Beginning of the Cold War with the Soviet Union • Containment/Truman Doctrine • The Marshall Plan • The Problem With Germany • The Berlin Blockade • NATO • The 2nd Red Scare • Joseph McCarthy • Arms Race • Korean War • Space Race • JFK: Election/Background, Bay of Pigs, Berlin Wall, arms race, Man on the Moon, Cuban Missile Crisis, assassination • Vietnam War

  2. United States: Lost thousands during the war stronger than ever after the war capitalism believed the rest of the world should model us want free elections, free trade, and business expansion all around the world B. Soviet Union 1. Lost over 7 million during the war 2. torn apart after the war. Wanted to build a strong country 3. communism 4. believed the rest of the world should be communist I. Postwar Old world order gone. U.S. could no longer be isolated. U.S. now relied on world trade to prosper!

  3. II. President Harry S Truman • A. Took over after FDR died • B. Important decisions • 1. Drop atomic bombs • 2. United Nations

  4. Harry S Truman

  5. III. The United Nations • A. April 12, 1944 • 1. San Francisco, California • 2. 50 nations • 3. United Nations formed • a. Not a peace conference (war still being fought) • 4. U.S. and S.U. disagreed on many things • 5. U.S. Congress ratified on July 28, 1945 • a. vote was 82-2

  6. United Nations, continued • B. General Assembly • 1. All nations represented-each had one vote • 2. Made recommendations to Security Council • 3. Fixed budget and admitted new members • C. Security Council • 1. 11 members • a. 5 permanent(US, GB, SU, France, China) • --had right to veto • b. 6 rotating countries • --could not veto • 2. Could act against any nation that threatened peace

  7. United Nations, cont. • D. Secretary-General • 1. ran the UN • 2. 1st was Trygve Lie of Norway • E. International Court of Justice • 1. Court of the UN • OVERALL GOAL: TO CREATE AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION TO PRESERVE PEACE

  8. UN Headquarters in New York

  9. OGT Multiple Choice • (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The international organization created to preserve the peace after World War II was the • A. United Nations • B. League of Nations • C. Organization of American States • D. North Atlantic Treaty Organization

  10. OGT Multiple Choice • Which is true about the involvement of the United States in the League of Nations (after World War I) and the United Nations (after World War II)? • A. The United States joined the United Nations, but not the League of Nations • B. The United States joined the League of Nations, but not the United Nations • C. The United States joined both organizations • D. The United States did NOT join either organization

  11. OGT Multiple Choice • The first meeting to build the United Nations occurred on April 12, 1944 in • A. Berlin, Germany • B. Paris, France • C. London, England • D. San Francisco, California

  12. IV. Beginning of the Cold War • 1. Cold War = War with no fighting. Instead, used military threats, espionage, propaganda, and politics. • 2. NUCLEAR WEAPONS DEVELOPED!!! • 3. The period right after World War II will begin 50 years of Cold War between the US/SU. • 4. U.S. and G.B. allies with S.U. for one reason--to beat Adolf Hitler • 5. We did not trust Stalin. Did not tell him of the atomic bomb • 6. Stalin expected entire world to become communist • 7. U.S. and S.U. had very different views of the future

  13. Beginning of Cold War, cont. • 8. Problems with the Soviet Union a. Stalin makes Poland Communist b. Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania also under Soviet control • ***Stalin wants communist buffer • ***Communism now threatened all of Europe

  14. Joseph Stalin

  15. OGT Multiple Choice • (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The period after World War II is referred o as the “Cold War.” It is called this because the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union • A. had several conflicts that never escalated into a full-scale war • B. used nuclear weapons that lowered the temperature as they exploded • C. has chilly but friendly relations during the is time period • D. fought a war in Siberia to determine control of East Asia

  16. OGT Multiple Choice • During World War II, the United States was an ally of this country. After World War II, the United States became enemies with this country. • A. France • B. Great Britain • C. Soviet Union • D. Spain

  17. OGT Multiple Choice • The term ‘Cold War’ refers to • A. A war with a lot of battles. • B. Another name for the Korean War • C. A war with no fighting. • D. Another name given to World War II.

  18. OGT Multiple Choice • (Practice Test Booklet 2005) As World War II was nearing an end and it was clear that the Allies would be victorious, relations between the United States and the Soviet Union could be described as • A. becoming increasingly suspicious of each other’s motives • B. good as both Harry Truman and Joseph Stalin trusted each other • C. never better as the tow nations agreed on postwar issues • D. on the brink of going to war against each other

  19. OGT Multiple Choice • (2005 Practice Test) Which factor helped lead to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union? • A. the lack of U.S. aid to the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease Program during World War II • B. differing intentions between the two nations for the political and economic rebuilding of Eastern Europe after World War II • C. both nations being members of the United Nations Security Council after World War II • D. uneven prosperity between the two nations after the Great Depression

  20. V. Containment and the Truman Doctrine • “It must be the policy of the United States, to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure. We must assist free people to work out their own destinies in their own way.” • ***In other words--U.S. must help free states fight communism.

  21. Containment, cont. • Containment: U.S. wanted to contain communism--don’t let it spread • We would be willing to fight

  22. VI. Marshall Plan • A. Europe is in shambles • B. We did NOT want Communism to spread • Q: How could we stop it from spreading? • A: Improve conditions in Europe!

  23. Marshall Plan, cont. • A. The plan: give aid to European countries • 1. passed April 3, 1948 • 2. Gave $5.3 billion to Europe for recovery • 3. U.S. wants to save West Europe • 4. This plan worked • a. mostly helped GB, France, and W. Ger. • b. 25% more output

  24. OGT Multiple Choice • (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The United States Marshall Plan following World War II was an effort to provide • A. military aid to its former enemies • B. military aid to its allies • C. economic aid to starving people in Africa • D. economic aid to war-torn Europe

  25. OGT Short Answer • The Marshall Plan was a plan for European recovery after World War II. How did the Marshall Plan prove that the foreign policy of the United States was changing?(2 points)

  26. VII. The Problem of Germany • A. Germany--split into 4 (US, GB, France, SU) • B. Berlin also split into 4 (surrounded by SU) • C. Soviet Union: • 1. Eventually, they took control of East Germany and East Berlin • 2. Forced their regime and communism on their new territories, even though Stalin promised free and democratic elections in these places. • a. Eastern European nations • b. East Germany

  27. The Problem of Germany, cont. • A. Distrust between US and SU grew • B. Collision course: freedom vs. communism • C. SU: stop trading with West and start to develop atomic weapons • D. This leads to: CONTAINMENT which leads to COLD WAR • E. Churchill famous speech on Eastern Europe: • “an iron curtain has descended across the continent”

  28. “Iron Curtain”

  29. OGT Multiple Choice • After World War II, Germany was split into 4 zones of influence. Which country DID NOT control a part of Germany? • A. Spain • B. Soviet Union • C. Great Britain • D. the United States

  30. OGT Multiple Choice • (Base Test March 2005) At the end of World War II, Soviet armies liberated the countries of Eastern Europe from Nazi Germany. The occupation of these countries by the Soviet Union contributed to the development of the Cold War by • A. contributing to conflict in the Middle East • B. strengthening the authority of the United Nations • C. bringing about the reunification of Germany • D. dividing Europe into communist and non-communist spheres

  31. VIII. The Berlin Blockade • As Marshall Plan helped, US/SU relations got worse • US, France, and GB: want strong Germany • SU felt threatened • SU put a blockade around W. Berlin • allowed nothing in; people were trapped

  32. Berlin Blockade, cont. A. Berlin Airlift 1. US dropped supplies into Berlin 2. lasted 324 days 3. 277,000 total flights 4. 2 million tons of supplies 5. May 1949, Stalin cancels blockade • B. Germany divided shortly after blockade concelled • 1. May 12, 1949 • a. German Federated Republic • 2. Oct., 1949 • a. German Democratic Republic

  33. OGT Multiple Choice • (2005 Practice Test) After World War II, Germany was divided into two nations, East Germany and West Germany. Though they remained politically divided for over forty years, the people of these two nations shared a common cultural heritage. Which action was influenced by this cultural influence? • A. West Germany joined NATO in 1955 • B. East Germany joined the Warsaw Pact in 1955 • C. The people of East Germany supported reunification with West Germany • D. The people of West Germany supported withdrawing from the United Nations

  34. OGT Extended Response • The Berlin Blockade was an event that helped to start the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. (4 points) • What is a Cold War? (1 point) • Why did the Soviet Union want to deny freedom to Berlin? (1 point) • What were the results of the Berlin Blockade (2 points)

  35. IX. NATO and Warsaw Pact • Throughout 40’s and 50’s Cold War intensified 1. Aug. 1949 = SU detonates atomic bomb 2. End of 1949 = China becomes Communist Communist leader is Mao Zedong.

  36. NATO/Warsaw Pact, cont. • B. The creation of NATO (MAP page 718) • 1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization • a. U.S. + Canada join with 12 W. Eur. countries • 2. Later = Greece, Turkey, and W. Germany • 3. Signed April 4, 1949 • C. Alliance • 1. Attack on one = attack on all • 2. Senate passes (82-13) 1st Peacetime alliance • 3. DDE = commander of NATO

  37. NATO/Warsaw Pact, cont. • D. Warsaw Pact • 1. 1955 • 2. Alliance formed by SU • 3. Countered NATO • 4. This increased fears during the Cold War

  38. OGT Multiple Choice • The United States joined with Canada and 12 Western European countries to form our first peacetime alliance. This organization was called: • A. League of Nations • B. United Nations • C. OPEC • D. NATO

  39. OGT Multiple Choice • When China became a Communist country in 1949, who was their leader? • A. Syngman Rhee • B. Mao Zedong • C. Joseph Stalin • D. Chang Kai-shek

  40. OGT Multiple Choice • (Practice Test Booklet 2005) In the years following World War II there emerged the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw Pact nations. These are examples of • A. regional economic cooperative efforts • B. environmental impact studies • C. military alliance systems • D. international tribunals

  41. X. 2nd Red Scare • A. The second red scare • 1. Russians detonate atomic bomb (1949) and China becomes Communist (1949) • 2. Possible Communist spies in Canada • 3. Truman: • a. millions of federal employees questioned • b. organizations investigated and 200 fired • 4. Reputations destroyed • a. black lists

  42. 2nd Red Scare, cont. • B. Protecting the United States • 1. McCarran Internal Security Act • a. Communist groups had to register with AG • b. Truman vetoes • c. Congress overrides • 2. McCarran-Walter Act • a. immigration quotas • b. favor N and E Europe • c. Truman vetoes • d. Congress overrides • 3. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg • a. suspected in passing atomic secrets to SU • b. Executed--no proof • (Like Sacco and Vanzetti in the 1920’s)

  43. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

  44. OGT Multiple Choice • The fear of communism in the United States during the 1950’s was know as the • A. 2nd Red Scare • B. 2nd Yellow Scare • C. 2nd Green Scare • D. 2nd Blue Scare

  45. XI. Joseph McCarthy • A. Joseph McCarthy--R-Wisconsin • 1. Accused many in US gov. of bei ng Communist • 2. BIG LIST--Feb. 1950 • 3. many feared him

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