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SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

Central Europe experience and knowledge about sustainable rehabilitation of housings and energy management 1. Social background and expectations 2. Overview about reached rehabilitation status 3. Expected transitions (shifts).

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SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

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  1. Central Europe experience and knowledge about sustainable rehabilitation of housings and energy management 1. Social background and expectations 2. Overview about reached rehabilitation status 3. Expected transitions (shifts) SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  2. 1. Social background and expectations - europe-wide the operation of buildings count for round about 40% of the final energy consumption - in Germany round about 30% of the final energy consumption is related to housing - round about 80% of this energy is needed for heating (warm water, cooking, ligthning, and so on is the rest) SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  3. Generally mind-set of dweller concerning rehabilitation [1]: good very good SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte Ex ante in between ex post retrospective questioning

  4. Generally mind-set of dweller concerning rehabilitation [1]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte Advantages: ? Disadvantages/Burden: - construction site dirt - site noise - constriction in using the rooms - untidiness - enduring presence of craftsman - insufficient information about coordination, kind and amount of rehabilitation workflow

  5. Expectations of dwellers [1]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte Improvement of the residential building CO2 reduction Increasement of comfort of living energy saving Improvement of the building climate Reduction of heating costs very important not important at all

  6. Age structure of buildings respectively flats [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte buildings flats

  7. Ownership conditions [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  8. Building size and floor numbers [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  9. Heat insulation status [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  10. Heat insulation status [2]: ex post insulation SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  11. Ex post insulation of multi family houses constructed before 1978 [2]: geographical differences SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  12. Exterior walls: kind of wall construction in % [2] SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  13. Insulation thickness (exterior walls) [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte All Old buildings before 1978 Between 1979 and 2004 New buildings after 2004 percentage Insulation thickness

  14. Insulation thickness (exterior wall, old buildings before 1978) [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte All old buildings Constructed with insulation Ex post insulation percentage Insulation thickness

  15. Insulation thickness (exterior wall, old buildings before 1978) [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte Brick, one layer Brick, two layers Truss wall Prefabricated concrete elements percentage Insulation thickness

  16. Thickness of upper floor ceiling / roof insulation[2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte All housing buildings Old buildings before 1978 Buildings from 1979 – 2004 New buildings from 2005 to now percentage Insulation thickness

  17. Ex post insulation thickness of roof / upper floor ceiling (old buildings before 1978) [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte Roof not heated Roof heated percentage Insulation thickness

  18. Insulation thickness of ground floor / basement ceiling [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte All housing buildings Old buildings before 1978 Buildings from 1979 – 2004 New buildings from 2005 to now percentage Insulation thickness

  19. Height of the basement [2] (old buildings before 1978): Heating situation in the basement [2] (old buildings before 1978): SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  20. Frequency distribution of window age [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte All buildings Old buildings before 1979 percentage Installation age

  21. Thermal insulation glass production in Germany [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte Triple glazing (U=0.7 W/m2K) Duplex glazing (U=1.1 W/m2K) Duplex glazing (U=1.2 W/m2K) Duplex glazing (U=1.4 W/m2K)

  22. Kind of glazing and window installation year [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  23. Kind of heating and energy source [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  24. Amount of modernisation (year of construction before 2004) [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  25. Amount of energetically rehabilitation intentions during the next five years [2]: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  26. 3. Expected Transitions Thinking about energy demand or energy consumption calculation in a different way as it is done today - by establishing such calculations as a sustainability criteria, - integrating user/owner behaviour an consider this as an important aspect, - combining energy calculation with economical calculations (costs, value, finance) and - establishing new policy instruments if they are more effective. SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  27. In Germany nowadays used energy certificate: SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  28. But, what's the real situation (1)? SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte Measured energy consumption in kWh/(m2a) Calculated energy demand in kWh/(m2a)

  29. But, what's the real situation (2)? SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte Low energy housing district Niedernhausen Measured energy consumption per m² in 1994 heating energy average

  30. European and German climate protection and energy saving goals - goals 2020 (European council, March 2007) - 20 % reduction in green house gases compared to 2005 - 20 % share of renewable energy - 20 % reduction of the energy consumption - goals of the German government until 2050 (German energy concept 2011) - 80 % reduction of green house gases - 50 % reduction of the primary energy consumption - 25 % reduction of the electrical power consumption (wattage, end energy) - 40 % reduction of the traffic related energy consumption - 80 % reduction of the head demand of buildings - 60 % share of renewable energy of the energy consumption (end energy) - 80 % share of renewable energy of the the electrical power consumption (gross value) SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  31. Some statistical data (Germany 2009, Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology): First orientation: Total primary energy consumption: 13,300 PJ/year = 163 GJ/(capita·year) = 5,170 W/capita Head energy consumption (private households): 2,300 PJ/year = 28 GJ/(capita·year) = 900 W/capita Can you imagine 900 W? SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  32. Architects and engineers are not so familiar with this 900 W/inhabitant Their key number is something in kWh/(m2∙year): Total amount of head floor space (only residential buildings): 34.85 Gm2 This lead to annually: 2,300 PJ/34.85 Gm2 = 660 MJ/m2 or with 365∙24∙3600 = 31,536,000 seconds per year to 660 MJ/(m2∙31,536,000s) = 20.9 W/m2 . One year is equal to 8,760 h so that there is an average head energy consumption of: 20.9 W/m2∙8,760 h/year = 183,084 W∙h/(m2·year) = 183 kWh/(m2·year). SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  33. German Goal: 80 % reduction Target value for 2050: average head energy consumption: 0.2∙183 kWh/(m2∙year) = 36.6 kWh/(m2∙year) or: 0.2∙900 W/inhabitant = 180 W/inhabitant (reachable or hallucination?) SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

  34. SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte Influence of rehabilitation done in the past on energy consumption (Berlin buildings) Energy consumption in kWh/(m2a) brick buildings and heating with gas or oil before rehabilitation after rehabilitation (average) best value precast concrete slabs and district heating

  35. References: [1] Institut Wohnen und Umwelt: Akzeptanz energetischer Maßnahmen im Rahmen der nachhaltigen Modernisierung des Wohnungsbestandes, Forschungsbericht, Darmstadt, 2006. [2] N. Diefenbach, H. Cischinsky, M. Rodenfels, K.D. Clausnitzer: Datenbasis Gebäudebestand, Forschungsbericht, Darmstadt, 2010 SuReReEnMaHo - Central Europe experience and knowledgeProf. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Bunte

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