1 / 22

Ergogenic Aids

Ergogenic Aids. Ergogenic Aids. Any substance, man made or natural, that will artificially enhance performance by increasing strength, endurance, etc Who uses ergogenic aids? Placebo effects? Ethical issues?. Anabolic Steroids. Schedule III of Controlled Substances Act

herschel
Télécharger la présentation

Ergogenic Aids

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ergogenic Aids

  2. Ergogenic Aids • Any substance, man made or natural, that will artificially enhance performance by increasing strength, endurance, etc • Who uses ergogenic aids? • Placebo effects? • Ethical issues?

  3. Anabolic Steroids • Schedule III of Controlled Substances Act • Usage began in the 1940’s • Synthetic substance developed in 1953 • IOC banned steroids in late 1960’s • IOC instituted testing at 1976 Summer Olympics • 21 FB players banned from bowl games in 1987 • Recent increase in usage

  4. Effects of Anabolic Steroids • Mimics Testosterone • Androgenic Effects • male sex characteristics • want to limit these effects • Anabolic Effects • increase protein & creatine phosphate synthesis • increase muscle mass • increase aggressiveness **increase oxygen carrying capacity - not proven

  5. Anabolic Steroids - Sources • Prescription • anemia, replacement therapy, increase appetite, abnormal protein synthesis • NORMAL dose = 5-10 mg/day • Veterinarian • Black Market

  6. Anabolic Steroids - Administration • Oral – Dianabol, Android, Anadrol, Oxandrin • EXCESSIVE dose = >25-50 mg/day (200 mg/day) • Injection – Deca-Durabolin, DEPO-Testosterone • EXCESSIVE dose = >100-200 mg/week • Programs • stacking - use of oral & injectable • pyramiding - then usage • cycling - on/off (6-12 wks)

  7. Psychological “roid rage” mood swings, depression, euphoria mania, recklessness Physical liver toxicity muscle cramps acne balding, increase hair on body water retention heart abnormalities premature closure of epiphyseal growth plates alters fat metabolism women - masculine Anabolic Steroids - Adverse Effects

  8. increase blood pressure increase cholesterol increase risk of HA increase risk of liver cancer body stops producing testosterone tendon injuries illness due to contaminated needles increase in number of injuries? Anabolic Steroids – MoreAdverse Effects

  9. Drug Testing • Urine test • Test 1 hr. after announcing test • Masking agents – Benemid, Corticosteroids, DHEA, other substances • T/E Ratio • also measure concentration of testosterone and specific gravity

  10. DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) • Natural steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands • converted to testosterone – anabolic effects • Medicinal uses – heart disease, obesity, diabetes, amount in body decreases w/age • Masking agent – normalizes T/E ratio • Available as a supplement

  11. Androstenedione • Natural substance – produced in adrenal glands • Nutritional supplement • Anabolic effects, increase energy, enhance recovery

  12. Human Growth Hormone(Somatotropin) • Hormone secreted from pituitary gland • Effects • stimulate protein synthesis • stimulate growth • increase muscle mass • increase strength of muscles, tendons, etc

  13. Human Growth Hormone • Adverse effects • acromegaly - large hands & feet • abnormal shaped head • increase size of heart, liver, kidneys • increase cholesterol • Alternative to steroids • cheaper • harder to detect

  14. Beta Blockers(Beta1 antagonists) • Decrease activity in sympathetic N.S. • Medical uses - hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias • Reasons for abuse by athletes • cardiac palpitations, decrease HR • muscle tremors • hyperventilation • anxiety, nervousness

  15. Blood Doping • Purpose - increase number of RBC to O2 carrying capacity • Technique • remove blood 5-6 wks. before event • freeze RBC • infuse RBC several days before event

  16. Blood Doping • Adverse effects • difficult to train • increase viscosity of blood • Risks • risk of blood clots, HA or stroke • infection • hepatitis **Difficult to detect • Eryrthropoietin(EPO) – human hormone

  17. Nutritional Supplements • Pharmaceutical vs. Nutraceutical • vitamin, mineral, herb, amino acid, metabolite, extract • 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) – allowed manufacturers to distribute products w/o a prescription and outside FDA jurisdiction. • can only make general health statements

  18. Creatine • Effects • increase rate of creatine resynthesis during ex. • recycles ATP • prolongs onset of fatigue - decrease lactic acid accumulation • increase protein synthesis, increase muscle mass • Adverse effects • cramping, muscle strains • kidney problems; long term effects unknown • weight gain

  19. Chromium • Effects • regulates carbohydrate supply • assists insulin - increase transport of glucose • increase energy • increase protein synthesis, increase muscle mass • decrease body fat???? • Is a trace element • Be aware of liver toxicity • Is not banned by IOC or NCAA

  20. Bicarbonate Ingestion • Counteracts buildup of lactic acid in anaerobic events • Dosage needed >300 mg/kg (>35 tablets) • Adverse effects – diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance • Is not banned

  21. Nutritional Supplements • Pyruvate - decrease body fat ????? • Ephedrine (Ma Huang) – increase weight loss; many side effects • Guarana • Green Tea Leaf Extract • Willow Bark • L-Carnitine – burn fat faster

  22. Nutritional Supplements • Ginseng –increase power; affects energy systems; often combined w/ ephedrine • L-Glutamine – increase function of immune system • HMB – increase muscle mass; decrease fat

More Related