Breeds of Cattle

1. Breeds of Cattle

2. Objectives • Identify breeds of cattle by characteristics. • Identify breeds of cattle by picture. • Recommend a breed of cattle to fit certain scenarios.

3. Why • Why do we need to be able to identify different breeds of cattle by characteristics? • Why is it important to identify different breeds of cattle by looking at them? • Why is it important to be able to recommend a breed of cattle for different scenarios?

4. What • What are some different characteristics of cattle? • What are some identifying physical characteristics for different breeds of cattle?

5. Name the breed.

6. Name the breed.

7. Name the breed.

8. Name the breed.

9. Breeds of Cattle • Milking Breeds • Holstein • Jersey • Brown Swiss • Milking Shorthorn • Ayrshire • Guernsey

10. Holstein • Originated in the Netherlands • North Holland and Friesland. • Most common US dairy breed. • 90% of US dairy breed • Imported to US in 1850’s • Excellent grazers • Typical cow

11. Holstein • Largest dairy breed • 90 lbs. at birth • 1500lbs at muturity • Black and white or red and white • Docile cows • Aggressive bulls, high libido. • Outstanding milk production. • 17,408 lbs. milk/year • Lower butterfat content • 632 lbs. butterfat (3.63%)

12. Jersey • Origin- British Isle of Jersey • Brought to US in 1850’s • Mouse brown • Dark muzzle and switch • May have broken pattern (spots) • Small framed • Horned • Adaptable to wide range of climates • South Africa, Japan, Denmark, US, New Zealand

13. Jersey • Excellent for intensive grazing programs • Produce more lbs. of milk per lbs. of body weight than any other breed. • (16,000 lbs. from 900 lb. cow) • Very high in butterfat • (4.6% fat) • Nervous temperament compared to other dairy breeds. • Very masculine bulls • Least docile temperament of common breeds of cattle.

14. Brown Swiss • Origin-Switzerland • From Braunvieh cattle imported in 1869 by Henry M. Clark of Belmont, Mass. • Brown Swiss name coined in US 1906 • Very old breed. • Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders Association • Formed in 1880

15. Brown Swiss • Light to dark shades of brown. • Dark nose, eye pigment, hooves • Horned • Large furry ears • Long gestation • Structurally correct • Very docile (almost lestargic) • Average butterfat (4%)

16. Milking Shorthorn • Origin-NE England, Valley of Tees River • Imported to US in 1783 • Not declared a dairy breed until 1969 • Red, roan, white • Small framed • Easy calving • Very versatile • Lowe butterfat (3.8%)

17. Ayrshire • Origin-County of Ayr,Scotland • US in 1822 • Moderate butterfat (3.9%) • Dark, Magogany red and white. • Horned • Used to be very long (>1ft) and distinctive • Now dehorned as calves

18. Ayrshire • Medium framed • High quality udders • Efficient grazers • Structurally correct • 1929, 2 cows were walked from Vermont to St. Louis for National Dairy Show • Later calved and had outstanding milk production.

19. Guernsey • Origin-Isle of Guernsey, English Channel • Believed to have developed from French cattle • Brought to island by monks in 960 AD • Became a breed around 1700 • Brought to US in 1840

20. Guernsey • From light yellow to red or brown • White on belly, legs, and tail switch. • High butterfat content (4.7%) • Close to Jerseys • Yellow milk fat • High concentration of beta carotene • Cheese color • Golden Guernsey • Lower calving interval • Younger at first calf • Gentle disposition • Excellent grazers

21. Breeds of Cattle • Meat Breeds • Angus • Red Angus • Hereford • Polled Hereford • Limousin • Brangus • Shorthorn • Charolais • Belted Galloway • Beefmaster • Chianina • Santa Gertrudis • Texas Longhorn • Beefalo • Belgian Blue

22. Angus • Origin- Aberdeen county in Scotland • Imported to Kansas in 1873 • Black • Polled, small ears • Adapt well to cold weather • Small framed • Good mothers

23. Angus • Most popular breed of cattle in US • Over 280,000 registered in 2009 • Known for high quality carcasses • High marbling • Certified Angus Beef • Fatter carcasses

24. Red Angus • Originally part of Black Angus breed. • Removed from Angus herd book in 1917. • Red Angus Assoc. of America started in 1954 • RAAA led other breed Assoc. • Artificial Insemination • Performance Data • Promoted Crossbreeding • Commercial Breeders

25. Red Angus • Produced form recessive gene in Angus. • “English longhorns” crossed with black. • Same characteristics as Black Angus.

26. Hereford (Horned) • Origin-Herefordshire, England in 1742 • Came in US in 1817 • Henry Clay, Kentucky • Greatly improved post Civil War cattle • Red body, white face, brisket, tail switch. • Short down-turning horns

27. Hereford (Horned) • Medium framed • Docile dispositions • High fertility, easy calving • Early maturing • Hardy, easily adaptable • Less milk • The Rare Breed 1966 • Vindicator

28. Hereford (Polled) • Developed from horned herefords • Warren Gammon, Des Moines, IA – 1901 • Began Polled Hereford Club with 11. • Registry combined AHA • Polled gene • Dominant mutation • Docile fast growing • Similar to Herefords

29. Limousin • Origin- South, central France • Cave drawings over 20,000 years ago. • Imported to US from Canada • One bull for showing in 1968 • Bulls for permanent res. in 1971 • Bob Haag, Topeka, KS

30. Limousin • Originally horned • Now may be polled or horned • Originally golden-red in color. • Now also black due to upgrading with Angus • Light color around eyes and muzzle. • Medium to large framed • Heavy muscled, lean • Low marbling • Fast, efficient growers • Low milk production • Aggressive disposition • Developed docility EPD

31. Brangus • 5/8 Angus X 3/8 Brahman • Crossed in 1930s in LA, MS, OK, and TX • 1949- Formed American Brangus Breeders Association (now International) • Combination of heat tolerance and carcass characteristics • Hybrid vigor-traits of offspring exceed that of either parent

32. Brangus • Brangus claves were heavier, healthier. • Solid black • Polled • Hump, large ears • Good mothers • Meat still tough • Need less than ¼ Brahman

33. Shorthorn • Origin-Northeastern coast of England • US 1783 • Shorthorn Herd Bood-1846 • First breed registry in US • First used to improve Longhorn • Shorthorn • Wide-set eyes • Red, Roan, or white

34. Shorthorn • Over 30 breeds of cattle have shorthorn in %. • Angus, Santa Gertrudis, Milking Shorthorn • Small to moderate frame • Very docile disposition • Early maturing • Easily adaptable • Good mothers, hardy • High marbling

35. Belted Galloway • Developed from non-belted Galloway • Imported to US by Harry Prock 1950 to Pennsylvania • Polled • Small Framed • Hardy, undemanding, adaptable • Good natured • Good meat quality • Easy calving, good mothers. • Oreo cow/ Belties

36. Charolais • Origin-France • White cattle in region since 878 AD • Named for the Charolles region of France • First brought to Mexico after WWI-1930 • Imported to US from Mexico • King Ranch, TX 1936

37. Charloais • White, light straw, or light cream. • Red Allowed in registry • Pink nose and pale hooves • Horned • Fast growing • Heavy weaning and yearling weights • Medium to large framed • Older at puberty • Heavily muscled, coarse bodied. • Some calving problems • Low milk production

38. Beefmaster • Developed by Tom Lasaster, TX 1930’s • Brahman, Shorthorn, and Hereford genetics • Actual % not known • No emphasis on traits that do not affect carcass • Horns, hair coat • Generally brownish-red; not official color. • Recognized purebred 1954 • 5th largest breed registry in US • Good mothers, fertile

39. Chianina (Kee-a-nee-na) • Origin-West, central Italy • Developed as draft aniaml • Before Roman Empire • Discovered US soldiers WWII • Semen 1st imported 1971 CA • Bulls imported from Canada 1973

40. Chianina • White to steel hair coat • Can register any color • Short hair

41. Santa Gertrudis

42. Texas Longhorn

43. Beefalo

44. Belgian Blue