Lamps

1. Lamps Arch 433

2. Choose work you love and you will never have to work a day in your life Confucius

3. Getting Along

4. SOURCE LUMEN EFFICACY (lumens/watts) Candle (equivalent) 0.01 Oil Lamp (equivalent) 0.03 Edison lamp          (1879) 1.4 Carbonized bamboo    (1879 2.0 Carbonized cellulose (1891) 3.0 Metalized (Gem)      (1905) 4.0 Drawn Tungsten       (1911) 10.0 60W Tungsten C.C.    (1968) 14.7 Filament Lamp        (1970) 10 - 18 Tungsten Halogen     (1980) 17 - 22 Stage/Studio Lamps   (1980) 20 - 40 Cooper-Hewitt Lamp   (1901) 13.0 Mercury Lamp (modern) 55 - 60 Honda Insight - 65 Fluorescent Lamp     (1938) 65 -100 Metal Halide Lamp 85 -120 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 HPS Lamp 80 -140 LPS Lamp 120 -200 Toyota Pyrius – 48 Miles/gallon Jeep Cherokee – 24 GMC Sierra – 12 Efficacy • Lumens per watt of a light source • The higher the lumen efficacy, the more efficient the source is at producing light

5. Color RenderingIndex (CRI) • The Color Rendering Index (CRI) is a relative measure of the shift in surface color of an object when lit by a particular lamp, compared with how the object would appear under a reference light source of similar color temperature. The higher the CRI of the light source, the "truer" it renders color

6. Lamp Life • A statistical probability • Based on: • A representative sample of lights • Typical conditions • Rated in hours • Time elapsed when 50% remain burning • Example • If a lamp had a rating of 1000 hours: • After 1000 hours half of the sample of lamps have burned out while the other half remains operational

7. Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD) • Light output declines with time • This loss of light is called Lumen Depreciation

8. Factors that affect Lamp Operation • Strike • Ambient Temperatures • Voltage Interruptions • Wattage/Voltage Changes • Dimming • Increased Watts or Volts • Burning Position

9. Incandescent • Components • Tungsten filament • Acts as a resistor • In parallel changes amps by impedance • inductive reactance and conductor resistance • Glass Globe w/ inert gasses • Argon or krypton w/ small amounts of nitrogen • Add bromine or iodine with a quartz covering – Tungsten Halogen lamp • Lamp base

10. Types of Incandescent • General Service or Extend Life • Projector (PAR) • Parabolic reflectors • Reflectors (R) • Elliptical Reflectors (ER) • Tungsten Halogen

11. Common Shapes w/ Designations

12. Common Bases

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14. Feel like an Imposter!

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16. GMC Sierra – 12 Performance • Not affected by temperatures • Voltage sensitive • Strike sensitive - Dimming • Excellent color rendering (CRI) • Lumen depreciation • - on average, lamps retain 87% of their lumens after 70% rated life • Low Rated Life • Efficacy 10 – 30 Lumens per watt

17. If there was something

18. Fluorescent • Components • Mercury arc discharge • Cathodes • Argon gas w/ mercury • Phosphor coating on tube • Ultraviolet light created by the mercury arc excites the phosphor coating and creates visible light • Mixtures of different phosphors give varying colors • Requires a ballast • limit and regulate current flow

19. Ballast

20. Ballast

21. Ballast Starter

22. Ballast

23. Ballast • The basic ballast is nothing more than a current limiting device. For 50 and 60 Hz applications, the most common current limiting device is an inductor • Magnetic • Electronic

24. Types of Fluorescents • Shapes • Tubular (T) • U – Shaped (U) • Circline (C) • Types • Preheat • Few second delay - Bi pin base • Instant Start • Single pin base • Rapid Start • Slight delay – bi pin • High and Very High Output (increased arc) (HO, VHO) • Recessed base – 800 mA to 1500 mA – more light, less efficacy • Note: • Residential – 120V • Commercial – 277V

25. GenericDesignations Warning: Be sure to check w/ manufacturer • F20 = fluorescent 20 watts (U, C) • F42 = Fluorescent 42” long (instant start slimline) • T8 = tubular 8/8” = 1inch diameter, RS = Rapid Start • WW = warm white (cw, wwx, etc.)

26. GenericDesignations The "T" in lamp nomenclature designates that the lamp is tubular shaped. The number following the "T" usually represents the diameter of the lamp in eighths of an inch.

27. New DOE Standards Effective July 14, 2012: Prior to July 14, 2012 DOE Standards

28. Performance • Temperature sensitive • Strike sensitive (3hrs) • Poor color rendering • Long rated life (up to 24,000) • Lumen depreciation • - on average, lamps retain 87% of their lumens after 40% rated life; eventually get dimmer & dimmer • Good Efficacy 60 – 100 lumens per watt • Poor beam control • Dimming expensive

29. Residential Usage Remember strike and ambient temperatures!

30. High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps • Three distinct categories • Mercury • Metal Halide • High Pressure Sodium • Characteristics • High Efficacy • Long Life • High Lamp Lumen Depreciation • Require ballasts • Low CRI

31. Mercury HID • Mercury arcs • Starting time • 3-5 minutes • Green-blue light • Considerable lamp decay • Eventually dim out • After 24,000 – 50% • Long Life • Burning position – any • Landscaping uses

32. Metal Halide HID • Mixtures • Mercury, sodium, thallium, scandium, etc. • Starting time • The greatest up to 5 minutes • Bright greenish white • Decay of metals • Decline of lumens very gradual • Burning position is critical • Sports lighting, commercial

33. Do you every feel small

34. Honda Insight - 65 High/Low Pressure Sodium HID • Sodium arc • Starting time • 3-5 minutes • Yellow – golden white • Very low CRI • Very high efficacy • Up to 140 lumens/watt for HP • Up to 200 lumens/watt for LP • Burning position – any • Sport lighting, garages

35. Sodium HID Diagram of a high pressure sodium lamp

36. Lamp Comparison - Color

37. Lamp Comparisons – Life/Cost

38. Lamp Comparison Lamp Life Efficacy ef·fi·ca·cy the power to produce an effect

39. OOPS!