Key Moments and Figures in American History: From D-Day to Civil Rights

1. VA/US SOL Review Challenge Harris

2. The long awaited invasion of France on June 6, 1944 is sometimes called • D-Day • V E Day • V J Day • Veterans Day • ANSWER: A. D-Day

3. What African American lawyer led the Virginia NAACP Legal Defense Team? • Oliver Hill • Thurgood Marshall • Clarence Thomas • WEB DuBois • ANSWER: A. Oliver Hill

4. Under the Marshall plan the US gave help to • Control all of Asia • End the Korean War • Fight communism in Southeast Asia • Rebuild Europe after WWII • ANSWER: D. Rebuild Europe after WWII

5. Bacon’s Rebellion was the first major rebellion in the colonies. It involved a group of farmers who rebelled against • the Indians • the royal governor of NC • Governor Berkeley of VA • the governor of Massachusetts • ANSWER: C. Governor Berkeley of VA

6. What did the U-2 incident involve • An argument between Stalin and Nixon • A spy plane shot down over Alaska • A spy plane shot down over the Soviet Union • An argument between Nixon and Khrushchev • ANSWER: C. A spy plane shot down over the Soviet Union

7. Through the policy of détente, President Nixon • Withdrew American forces from Korea • Withdrew American forces from Viet Nam • Refused to recognize Soviet claims to Afghanistan • Was able to relax tensions between the US and the USSR • ANSWER: D. Was able to relax tensions between the US and the USSR

8. The President associated with the increased support for the American space program was • Richard Nixon • Lyndon Johnson • Ronald Reagan • John F. Kennedy • ANSWER: D. John F. Kennedy

9. Education has become more accessible through • Telecommuting • Cell phones • Distance learning • Increased tuition assistance • ANSWER: C. Distance learning

10. According to Locke, the people give up some of their rights and obey the laws in order for the government to protect them, thus establishing a system of “ordered Liberty”. This is the • Contract with America • Social Contract theory • Social Gathering Contract • Contract for the People • ANSWER : B. Social Contract theory

11. Americans at home reacted strongly to the war in Vietnam because they • Wanted to help South Vietnam • Were opposed to the use of chemical weapons • Saw the horrors of the war every day on their TV sets • Feared the guerrillas would overcome US troops ANSWER: C. Saw the horrors of the war every day on their TV sets

12. Which of the following cities in the MIDDLE colonies grew as seaports and commercial centers? • Jamestown, Norfolk, Richmond • Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia • Pittsburg, Concord, Philadelphia • Jamestown, Baltimore, Charleston • ANSWER: B. Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia

13. A major long term effect of the Vietnam War was • A continued boycott of trade with Asia • An end to communist governments in Asia • A change in the US foreign policy from containment to imperialism • A reluctance to commit US troops for extended military action abroad • ANSWER: D. A reluctance to commit US troops for extended military action abroad

14. Typically, the Cavaliers of Virginia were • poor farmers with no land • the king’s sons who were given land grants • wealthy merchants • wealthy landowners/soldiers who had been given land grants by the king of England • ANSWER: D. Wealthy landowners/soldiers who had been given land grants by the king of England

15. Who wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom? • Thomas Jefferson • John Adams • James Madison • James Monroe • ANSWER: A. Thomas Jefferson

16. All of the following are true about the Cuban Missile Crisis EXCEPT: • It began when the US found out the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cuba • President Kennedy ordered the Soviets to remove the missiles • The United States launched an attack against the Soviet Union •  Nuclear war was avoided by the removal of the missiles • ANSWER: C. The US launched an attack against the USSR

17. Who was the first woman to serve as a Supreme Court justice? • Ruth Bader Ginsberg • Sandra Day O’Connor • Condoleezza Rice • Sally Ride • ANSWER: B. Sandra Day O’Connor

18. All of the following are technological advances of the past thirty years EXCEPT: • Cell phones • Personal computers • 24 hour news stations • Short wave radios • ANSWER: D. Short wave radios

19. All of the following describe the Allied strategy in World War II EXCEPT • The Allies followed a "defeat Hitler first" plan • The Americans engaged in island hopping in the Pacific • Most American military resources were targeted for Asia • Cut off Japanese supplies through submarine warfare • ANSWER: C. Most American military resources were target for Asia

20. These colonial soldiers were named ___________ due to their time need to leave for battle. • Sixty-second men • Minutemen • Second Soldiers • Marines • ANSWER: B. Minutemen

21. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did all of the following EXCEPT: • Prohibit discrimination based on race • Prohibit discrimination based on socio-economic status • Prohibit discrimination based on religion or national origin • Prohibit discrimination based on gender • ANSWER: B: Prohibit discrimination based on socio-economic status

22. Americans benefited from the presence of this country’s navy at the Battle of Yorktown which ended the war. • France • Germany • Spain • England • ANSWER: A. France

23. Muckrakers wrote about all of the following EXCEPT • Social ills of society • Sports heroes of the 1920’s • Child labor conditions • Meat packing industry • ANSWER: B. Sports heroes of the 1920’s

24. Increased immigration to the US in the second half of the 20th century led to all of the following EXCEPT: • An increase in bilingual education • An increase of the number of minorities elected to office • A decrease in the need for public services • The push for government to reevaluate its immigration policies • ANSWER: C. A decrease in the need for public services

25. This area was settled by the VA Company of London as a business venture and as the first permanent English settlement in the New World. • Williamsburg • Jamestown • Roanoke • Richmond • ANSWER: B. Jamestown

26. Who surrendered to Washington at Yorktown? • Hayes • Howe • Lafayette • Cornwallis • ANSWER: D. Cornwallis

27. This was the first elected representative assembly in the New World. It has operated continuously and is today known as the Virginia General Assembly • Virginia General Assembly • Parliament • Virginia House of Burgesses • Congress • ANSWER: C. Virginia House of Burgesses

28. Why did the British prohibit settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains? • They were afraid of France • To honor a treaty with the Indians • It was too costly to defend • To punish and contain the colonists • ANSWER: C. It was too costly to defend

29. What battle is considered the turning point of the American Revolution? • Gettysburg • Midway • Saratoga • Yorktown • ANSWER: C. Saratoga

30. This group of immigrants settled further inland in Virginia and were characterized by small subsistence farms, hunters, and traders. • Polish • Germans • Scotch Irish/English descent • French • ANSWER: C. Scotch Irish/English descent

31. In Virginia, the majority of indentured servants were usually poor persons who came from which of these three countries • France, Germany, Ireland • Netherlands, Germany, France • England, Scotland, Ireland • Germany, Ireland, Italy • ANSWER: C. England, Scotland, Ireland

32. Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights? • Thomas Jefferson • John Randolph • James Madison • George Mason • ANSWER: D. George Mason

33. Who is known as the father of the Constitution? • Thomas Jefferson • John Adams • James Madison • James Monroe • ANSWER: C. James Madison

34. Who was the first American Astronaut to orbit the earth? • Alan B. Shepherd • John Glenn • Gus Grissom • Neil Armstrong • ANSWER: B. John Glenn

35. Low paying and low prestige jobs for women has sometimes been referred to as the • Glass ceiling • Golden slipper • Pink Collar Ghetto • Pink ceiling • ANSWER: C. Pink Collar Ghetto

36. What invention led to the spread of the slave based cotton kingdom in the Deep South? • Eli Whitney’s cotton gin • Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts • Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper • John Deere’s steel plow • ANSWER: A. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin

37. Woodrow Wilson’s 1916 presidential campaign slogan was • “Win with food” • “Peace with honor” • “He kept us out of war” • “Make the world safe for democracy” • ANSWER: C. “He kept us out of war”

38. What native American woman served as a guide and translator for Lewis and Clark’s exploration of the Louisiana Purchas? • Sasquatch • Sacagawea • Hiawatha • Susan B. Anthony • ANSWER: B. Sacagawea

39. The leading allies in the Central Powers were: • Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary • Russia, France, and United States • Sweden, Norway, and Denmark • France, Poland, and Great Britain • ANSWER: A. Italy, German, and Austria-Hungary

40. Two slave revolts in VA fueled southern whites’ fears about slave rebellions and led to harsh new slave laws. Who led these rebellions? • Denmark Vessey/John Brown • Nat Turner/John Brown • Nat Turner/Gabriel Prosser • Gabriel Prosser/Denmark Vessey • ANSWER: C. Nat Turner/Gabriel Prosser

41. The main economic activity of Virginia was _________ due to its large coastal plain. • Agriculture/tobacco • Gold prospecting • Glass making • Ship Building • ANSWER: A. Agriculture/tobacco

42. Some early Africans came as indentured servants, earned their freedom, and lived as free citizens during the Colonial Era. • True • False • ANSWER: True

43. This was used to make iron into steel which was stronger and longer lasting by injecting air into the iron ore. • Biltmore Process • Bessemer Process • Baltimore Process • Vanderbilt Process • ANSWER: B. Bessemer Process

44. A "Tory" or "Loyalist" was a colonist that believed • Each colony deserved to be represented in parliament • The colonists should support the decisions of parliament • It would be wrong to break away from their “mother country” • Taxation without representation was a good reason for the colonists to go to war • ANSWER: C. It would be wrong to break away from their “mother country”

45. Which of the following was NOT a response of the VA public schools to desegregation? • Establishment of private academies • Massive resistance and closing of schools • The state accepted the ruling and moved immediately to desegregate • White flight from urban schools • ANSWER: C. The state accepted the ruling and moved immediately to desegregate

46. During the mid-1700’s this pamphlet was read by many American colonists and contributed to growing sentiment for independence from England. What was it called and who wrote it? • Common People/Thomas Nast • Common Practices/Thomas Paine • Common Sense/Thomas Paine • Uncommon Valor/Anthony Herbert • ANSWER: C. Common Sense/Thomas Paine

47. What document influenced the Bill of Rights by earlier arguing that basic human rights shouldn’t be violated by governments? • Emancipation Proclamation • Virginia Declaration of Rights • Declaration of Independence • Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom • ANSWER: B. Virginia Declaration of Rights

48. Which author coined the term "Gilded Age" • Upton Sinclair • Jacob Riis • Nathanial Hawthorne • Mark Twain • ANSWER: D. Mark Twain

49. Who developed a vaccine for Polio? • Dr. Jonas Salk • Dr. Louis Pasteur • Dr. Roland Lovelace • Dr. Sigmund Freud • ANSWER: A. Dr. Jonas Salk

50. Who was the first AMERICAN woman in space? • Sally Field • Sally Ride • Sally Rogers • Sally Jessica Parker • ANSWER: B. Sally Ride