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During differentiation, cells express specific proteins as certain genes are activated while others are repressed. The mammalian genome contains approximately 30,000 protein-coding genes, but typically only about 5,000 polypeptides are produced at any given time. This selective expression is a complex process that is crucial for the development and functioning of various tissues. The regulation involves intricate mechanisms that determine which genes are turned on or off, influencing cellular identity and functionality.
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