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ENUM Administration

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This document discusses the complex landscape of ENUM administration, focusing on the interplay between domain registration and telephone number management. It outlines the hierarchical structure of ENUM, detailing Tier 0 to Tier 3 roles, including responsibilities of the service providers and registrars. It raises significant concerns regarding the rights tied to ENUM domains, the implications of service disconnections, and the need for regulatory balance between service provider involvement and competitive practices. Further, it examines potential models for effective governance and the challenge of number portability.

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ENUM Administration

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  1. ENUM Administration Penn Pfautz AT&T 732-420-4962 ppfautz@att.com

  2. ENUM Administration • Mixes domain registration and telephone number administration • Rights to ENUM domain tied to corresponding number assignment in the PSTN • Rights to number in ENUM lost when service on number is disconnected • Generally, telephone service provider is only party that knows about number assignments & disconnects • Design issue for industry & regulators: How to balance need for TSP involvement with burden on TSP and a competitive environment?

  3. ENUM Hierarchy Tier 0 - e164.arpa (RIPE-NCC) $ORIGIN e164.arpa. 1 IN NS nsnanp_enum.com 4.6 IN NS sweden_enum.com . ... Tier 1 – Registry- defined by ITU member state nsnanp_enum.com (1.e164.arpa) 4.6.e164.arpa Sweden $ORIGIN 3.7.9.1.e164.arpa. 7.8.7.6.6.3.2 IN NS e164.att.net. 8.8.7.6.6.3.2 IN NS joes-enum.com Tier 2 – Service Registrar e164.att.net $ORIGIN 7.8.7.6.6.3.2.3.7.9.1.e164.arpa. IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "sip+E2U" "!^.*$!sip:sdlind@sip.att.com!" . IN NAPTR 102 10 "u" "mailto+E2U" "!^.*$!mailto:sdlind@att.com!" . IN NAPTR 102 10 "u" "tel+E2U" "!^.*$!tel:+19732366787!" . Tier 3 – Application Service Provider sip.att.com

  4. e164.arpa • .arpa TLD since infrastructure • RIPE NCC will host • Essentially populated with identities of name servers for country codes • ITU indicates to RIPE authority for each country code

  5. Tier 1 (Registry) • Entries point to Service Registrar for a number • Provider(s) determined by national authorities • NANP-wide or per NANP nation? • Because of number portability, Tier 1 name server must point to Service Registrar on an individual number basis; numbers can’t simply be delegated to the carrier to which their Central Office code or thousands block was initially assigned

  6. Tier 2 (Service Registrar) • Hosts NAPTR (service) records for a telephone number • All records for a given number must be in one name server • Major issue is who can be Service Registrar • Two “strawman” models presented to IETF • Any properly accredited domain name registrar (model I) • Telephone service provider (model II)

  7. Reference Model I (General) Legend ASP Application Service Provider TIE Tier 1 Entity (Registry) T2E Tier 2 Entity (Registrar) TSP Telephony Service Provider T1E New T2E A H ** End User can be the end user itself or an agent authorized to represent the end user. ** TSP can offer application services also. The “TSP” entity performs functions specific to the TSP. B C T2E End User F G E D TSP ASP

  8. Reference Model I – Pros & Cons Pros: • EU determines T2E, EU has more control • EU can be T2E (e.g., universities and enterprises) for his/her own TN(s) • Enable competitive T2E service offering Cons: • More complicated interactions among involved entities • More efforts at T2E to manage the NAPTR RRs

  9. Reference Model II (T2E=TSP) T1E Legend ASP Application Service Provider TIE Tier 1 Entity (Registry) T2E Tier 2 Entity (Registrar) TSP Telephony Service Provider A’ B’ T2E/TSP End User ** End User can be the end user itself or an agent authorized to represent the end user. ** TSP can offer application services also. The “TSP” entity performs functions specific to the TSP. E’ C’ D’ ASP New T2E/TSP

  10. Reference Model II – Pros & Cons Pros: • Fewer interfaces to deal with • Easier to verify EU’s identity and ownership of the TN • More incentives for TSPs to get involved in enum process (e.g., verify EU’s ownership of a TN and inform T1E about TN service disconnect) Cons: • Only TSPs can be T2E, non-competitive if there is only one TSP in a serving market • Non-TSPs cannot be T2E • (except through delegation from TSP) • EUs cannot be T2E for their own TNs • EUs cannot get enum service if none of TSPs in the serving market offers enum service

  11. Telephony Service Specific Records • Are there services for which the TSP should have right to put records in ENUM? • How can TSP control records in Tier 2 of end user choice? • How might these records be distinguished? • Alternative is to treat TSP like any other application service provider • Ability of TSP to populate ENUM for customer will facilitate penetration

  12. Major Issues • Will the US populate its numbering resources in e164.arpa? • Will the countries of the NANP take an integrated or independent approach to ENUM implementation? • What entity or entities will provide Tier 1 functionality? • What entities may be Service Registrars? • How will authentication of rights to numbers be assured • How will disconnect notification be handled? • Will there be special telephony service specific records?

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