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Properties of Small Metallic Particles. Helen Chappell Aikaterina Plati Yi Shen. Carbon nanotube with iron particle in the middle. blobby iron particle. Kinloch, 2002. What we did…. Iron particles 10-wt% nickel-iron alloy particles Varied shape, size and composition
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Properties of Small Metallic Particles Helen Chappell Aikaterina Plati Yi Shen
Carbon nanotube with iron particle in the middle blobby iron particle Kinloch, 2002
What we did… • Iron particles • 10-wt% nickel-iron alloy particles • Varied shape, size and composition • Statistical sampling of ‘homogeneous’ alloy
Melting Temperature • Flat interface, GL = GS
Melting Temperature solid free energy liquid Tm temperature
Melting Temperature • Flat interface, GL = GS Curved interface, GL = GS + s ds/dn
s (ds/dn) Tmr Melting Temperature solid free energy liquid Tm temperature
Created Curvefit3 Process • Mt data (GL , Gs ) Fitted polynomial equations to the data GL=AT2 + BT + C Gs=DT2 + FT + L GSR= GS + s ds/dn Gsr,Tm(r)|x,s Plotted results in Excel
1811.5 K 391.8K Melting temperature for spherical ferrite particles 2000 s=0 J/m2 1600 s=0.1J/m2 1200 s=0.5J/m2 Temperature /K 800 s=1J/m2 400 0 0 2108 4108 6108 8108 10108 12108 1/Radius /m-1
1661.5 K 112.8K Melting temperature for spherical austenite particles 2000 s=0 s=0J/m2 s=0 s=0.1 1600 s=0.1J/m2 s=0.1 1200 s=0.5 s=1 Temperature /K 800 400 s=1 s=1J/m2 0 0 2108 4108 6108 8108 10108 12108 1/Radius /m-1
1661.5 K Melting temperature for cylindrical austenite particles 2000 s=0J/m2 s=0 s=0.1J/m2 s=0 s=0.1 1600 s=0.1 1200 s=1J/m2 s=0.5 s=1 Temperature /K 844.4K 800 400 s=1 0 0 2108 4108 6108 8108 10108 12108 1/Radius /m-1
Nickel-iron particles • Gs-ferrite y = -0.0172T2 – 35.564T + 7602.5 • Gs-austenite y = -0.0141T2 – 44.14T + 12886 • GL y = -0.0146T2 – 50.209T + 25307
Melting temperature for cylindrical austenite particles in alloy (10%Ni) Tm=1784.3K 2000 s=0 s=0 s=0.1 1600 s=0.1 1200 s=0.5 s=1 Temperature /K 800 400 s=1 0 0 2108 4108 6108 8108 10108 12108 1/Radius /m-1
Melting temperature for spherical ferrite particles in alloy(10% Ni) Tm=1754.84 1600 1200 Temperature /K 800 400 2108 4108 6108 8108 10108 0 (1/Radius) /m-1
Melting temperature of austenite and ferrite particles in pure iron and alloy(10%Ni)s=0.5 1800 1600 Temperature /K 1200 800 400 2108 4108 6108 8108 10108 0 (1/Radius) /m-1
Statistical Analysis • Fixed volume • Np Na= constant • sx= Na f(1-f) , f=0.1 • Na = (4/3 p r3)/Vm N
s = 0.1Jm-2 s = 0.2 Jm-2 s = 0.3 Jm-2 s = 0.4 Jm-2 s = 0.5 Jm-2 2108 4108 6108 8108 10108 Statistically derived melting temperature for Fe - Ni particles 2000 1600 1200 Temperature /K 800 400 0 0 1/Radius /m-1
Summary of Results • Spherical particles reduce Tmr by greatest amount • Cylindrical particles reduce Tmr • Small particles, large s - reduces Tmr • Iron - austenite largest reduction in Tmr • Alloy - ferrite largest reduction in Tmr • Extremely small particles - composition influences melting temperature
The change in ds/dn • Sphere = 2Vm/ r • Cylinder = Vm/r
MT-DATA • Thermodynamic data – SGTE database • Minimises Gibbs free energy - Equilibrium Composition - Volume fractions of phases • Phases can be suppressed • No kinetic information