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Understanding the Role of Values in Constructing Effective Arguments

This exploration highlights the crucial role that values play in argumentation and decision-making. It discusses how values derived from life experiences influence claims and warrants within arguments. The text elaborates on the importance of clearly stating values to enhance the impact of arguments, the interplay between positive and negative values, and the distinction between terminal and instrumental values. Additionally, it underscores the necessity of recognizing audience values and principles for critiquing and utilizing values effectively in persuasive discourse.

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Understanding the Role of Values in Constructing Effective Arguments

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Forms of Supporting Arguments: Values

  2. Values… • A guiding influence made of our life experiences and truths • All argumentation uses values in its development • Provide grounds and warrants by which decision-makers judge arguments • Claims themselves may be values

  3. What am I trying to convey in my overall argument? • What kind of warrants am I stressing in my overall argument? • What different values can I use to help construct my overall argument?

  4. Forms of Values • Stated and Implied • Positive and Negative • Terminal and Instrumental • Abstract and Concrete

  5. Stated and Implied Values • Stated values can encompass multiple meanings and variations based on the situation • Values are often implied in belief statements • The more clearly stated your value claims, the more intensive the impact of the values.

  6. Positive and Negative Values • For every positive, there must be a negative • Values do not stay positive or negative; they can be reversed based on the direction of the argument • Ex: using inexperience as a positive for unbiased nature

  7. Terminal and Instrumental Values • Values can reflect the end (terminal) and the means to an end (instrumental). • Instrumental values are process oriented; terminal are product oriented. • Instrumental values can become terminal values.

  8. Abstract and Concrete Values • Abstract and concrete work together as value concepts • Concrete values are representations of abstract values • Ex: Freedom and the flag

  9. Using values in argument • Values appear in systems- they work together in linked claims • Always position one value as the center value in the argument • Know what your audience’s values are/might be

  10. Principles of Using Values in Your Argument • Recognize the limits of value change • Find the best point of attack on values • Relate your values to decision makers • Use evidence and argument to develop values

  11. Principles of Critiquing Values • Values can be found anywhere in the argument • Recognize values in warrants • Find the values in the arguments of others

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