Chapter 4 Being a Health Care Consumer

1. 7th grade Personal Health Chapter 4Being a Health Care Consumer

2. Student Expectations • Identify factors that influence your consumer decisions. • Explain how to compare and choose personal products. • Describe how to keep your teeth, skin and hair healthy. • Explain how to take care of your eyes and ears. • Compare different sources of health care.

3. Making Consumer Choices • Essential Questions • What does it mean to be a consumer? • What factors influence my decisions as a consumer? • How can I evaluate advertising messages?

4. You the Consumer • Anyone who buys goods and services is a consumer • Goods – products made for sale. • Services – useful activities that are sold to others It is important to be a wise consumer and make purchases based on facts about a product or service

5. Using Your Purchasing Power Wisely • Your purchasing decisions will affect you, your family, your friends, and even the world around you • You need to be an informed consumer • Gather and evaluate the facts • Make comparisons • Weigh your options

6. Factors That May Influence Your Decisions • Your Values • Your Family Background • Advertising • Your peers • The cost of a product • The advice of salespeople

7. Media Messages • The various methods for communicating information are called Media. Mass Media are media that can reach large groups or people. • Newspapers magazines • Television and radio • Movies • Books • Recordings • The Internet

8. Understanding AdvertisingMethods • There are two types of advertisements • Informational ads and Image Ads • Informational ads rely mainly on “facts” • Infomercial is a longer TV commercial whose main purpose appears to be to present information rather than to sell a product

9. Understanding Advertising Methods (continued) • Image ads- advertisements that link a desirable image to a product • These ads may have endorsements from glamorous models or athletes • An endorsement is a statement of approval

10. Analyzing Advertisements • Ask yourself: • Can this claim be true, or is it an exaggeration? • What does the best, really mean? Is there any factual proof to back this claim up? • Is this claim based on fact, or emotional appeal? • Can any article of clothing really help me play like a pro?

11. Buying Personal Products • Essential Questions • What factors should I consider when choosing personal products? • What information can I find by reading product labels? • How can I choose personal products wisely?

12. Decisions, Decisions • Choosing Wisely • Does the product offer the result I’m looking for? • Is the product safe? • What benefits can I realistically expect from the product? • Is the product worth the price? • What sets the product apart from other, similar products? • Have I used other items made by the same company?

13. Wise Buying • Quackery- is the sale of worthless products and treatments through false claims • Buyer Beware • If it sounds too good to be true, it usually is • Don’t be taken in by impressive sounding words like “secret ingredients” • Beware of free samples were you have to send money in to cover shipping cost

14. Reading Product Labels • Products intended use • Amount in container • Manufactures name and address • Ingredients • Warnings • Product name • Directions for use • Control number

15. Comparison Shopping • Comparison Shopping – means the art of comparing products, evaluating their benefits, and choosing the products that offer the best value • Cost – try to shop at discount stores and try to buy generic products • Discount stores- stores that offer special reduced pricing • Generic products- goods sold in plain packages and at lower prices than brand-name items

16. Comparison Shopping (continued) • Features- avoid paying for features that you don’t need. • Quality – well-made products usually outlast those that are cheaply made. A cheap product is no bargain if it falls apart. • Warranty - before you buy expensive items, ask to see if it comes with a warranty • Warranty- is a company’s or store’s written agreement to repair, replace, or refund money for products that do not work properly

17. Caring for Your Teeth, Skin, and Hair • Essential Questions: • How can I keep my teeth healthy? • How should I clean and protect my skin? • How do I care for my hair?

18. Healthy Teeth • Clean healthy teeth add to your smile but also enable you to chew food and speak clearly. • Caring for your teeth • Brush your teeth at least twice a day • Choose a toothpaste that contains Fluoride • Fluoride –a substance that helps teeth resist decay • Use dental floss – Floss once a day • Cut down on sugar • See your dentist regularly – Twice a year for cleaning

19. The Parts of a Tooth • Crown- is the part of the tooth you can see • Neck – is the part between the crown and the root • Root – is the part that holds the tooth in place in the gum • Enamel – is the hard outer layer that covers the crown • Dentin- bonelike material surrounding the pulp • Pulp – is soft, sensitive tissue containing nerves and blood vessels

20. Healthy Skin • Your skin is your largest organ • Functions of your Skin • Waterproofing • Sensation – gives you information about temperature and touch • Temperature control • Vitamin D formation • Protection – first line of defense against germs

21. Skin: The Inside Story • Your skin is composed of two main layers • Epidermis- is the outermost layer of skin. • New cells in the epidermis continuously replace old cells • Cells in the Epidermis makes melanin – the substance that gives your skin its color

22. Skin: The Inside Story (continued) • Beneath the epidermis is the Dermis • Dermis- the skins inner layer that contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and hair follicles • The dermis contains two types of glands • Sweat glands- these glands let perspiration escape through pores – tiny openings in the skin • Oil Glands

23. Caring for Your Skin • Keep Clean – take a bath or shower daily • Bacteria mixing with perspiration can cause an unpleasant odor • Use deodorant or antiperspirant to help combat body odor

24. Caring for Your Skin (continued) • Take care of Yourself • Eat a healthy diet, exercise, and get plenty of rest • Guard against the sun • Stay out of the sun between (10:00am -3:00p.m. • Choose a lotion with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher

25. Skin (continued) • Acne- a skin condition that occurs when pores become clogged due to overly active oil glands • Gently wash the infected areas at least twice a day • Avoid touching the infected area • If the problem is severe, you may want to visit a dermatologist • Dermatologist – a doctor who treats the skin and it’s diseases

26. Caring For Your Hair • Daily brushing keeps your hair healthy by removing dirt • Wash your hair regularly (at least twice a week) • Dandruff – is flaking of the outer layer of dead skin cells on the scalp • this condition is usually caused by dry skin

27. Caring For Your Eyes and Ears • Essential Questions • How can I keep my eyes Healthy? • What should I know about wearing glasses or contacts? • How can I protect my ears from loud noises? • What are the different parts of the eye? • What are the three parts of the ear?

28. How Your Eyes Work • Cornea – is the clear section that lets in light at the front of the eye • Iris – is the colored part of the eye. It controls the size of the pupil. • Pupil – is a dark opening in the center of the iris. It becomes larger in dim light, and smaller in bright light • Lens – focuses light on the retina

29. Parts of the eye (continued) • Retina- is the light-sensing part of the inner eye • Optic nerve –is a bundle of nerve fibers that send messages to the brain, which interprets them • Sclera – is the white part of the eye. It covers and protects the whole eye, except for the front

30. Caring for Your Eyes • Read in well lit rooms • Avoid having too much light. Sit at least 6 feet from the TV • Never touch your eyes with your hands • Protect your eyes from injury ( wear glasses or goggles when using power tools) • Have your eyes examined regularly by an Optometrist – Eye doctor • Once a year if you wear glasses or contacts • Every two years if you do not wear glasses or contacts

31. The Eye • Ophthalmologist – is a physician who specializes in the structure, functions, and disease of the eye • Problems with Vision • Glaucoma- a disease in which fluid builds up in the eye, causing pressure that can destroy the optic nerve • Astigmatism – is an eye condition in which the shape of the lens or cornea causes blurry vision

32. Problems with Vision (continued) • Farsighted- individuals can see objects from a distance clearly buy have difficulty focusing on objects that are close • Nearsighted – Individuals can see objects that are close, but have trouble focusing on distant objects

33. How Your Ear works • The outer ear is shaped like a cup to collect sounds waves • Sound waves are vibrations in the air • In the middle ear, these sound waves make the eardrum vibrate. These vibrations move three tiny bones called the hammer, anvil, and the stirrup. These bones carry the sound waves to the Oval Window.

34. How the Ear Works (continued) • The inner ear - the oval window causes the fluid in the cochlea to move. Tiny hairs in the cochlea vibrate in response, sending messages to the auditory nerve • Auditory Nerve- sends messages from the cochlea to the brain

35. Caring For Your Ears • Protect your ears from loud sounds • The unit for measuring the loudness of sound waves is the decibel • Normal conversation is around 60 decibels • Sounds over 125 are loud enough to be painful

36. How to Protect Your Ears • Keep volume fairly low • Wear ear plugs if you are going to be exposed to loud, prolonged noise • Clean the outside of your ear with a wet wash cloth

37. Health Care Providers • What kinds of health care workers can help me stay well? • Where can I find help if I become ill or injured? • Why is health insurance important?

38. General and Specialized Care • Primary Care Providers – are the doctors and other health professionals who provide checkups and general care • Specialist- is a doctor trained to treat particular types of patients or health matters

39. Types of Specialist • Allergist- treats asthma, hay fever, and other allergies • Cardiologist – treats the heart, its function, and its diseases • Orthodontist – treats irregularities of the teeth and jaw • Orthopedist – specializes in treating the bones, joints, and muscles and their injuries and diseases

40. Types of Specialist (continued) • Pediatrician – treats infants and children • Psychiatrist – treats mental and emotional problems • Urologist – Specializes in the urinary system and its diseases

41. Health Care Facilities • Birthing centers – alternative to hospitals for giving birth • Nursing Homes – take care of sick, disabled, and elderly people who require special care • Drug treatment centers – offer help to people with drug related problems • Rehabilitation centers- aid people who need special help to recover from serious illness or injury • Hospices – provides care and support to terminally ill patients

42. Paying for Health Care • To pay for health care, many people buy health insurance • Health insurance – a plan in which people pay a set fee to an insurance company in return for the company’s agreement to pay for some or most medical cost

43. Paying for Health Care (continued) • Government programs • Medicare – provides health insurance to people who are 65 years old or over • Medicaid – is a public health insurance program for low-income families and individuals