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Changing Role of the President: Truman and Eisenhower (1945-1961)

Explore how the presidency evolved between 1945 and 1961 through the leadership styles of Truman and Eisenhower. Assess the impact of their personalities, relationship with the media, communication with the public, organizational ability, and ability to work with Congress.

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Changing Role of the President: Truman and Eisenhower (1945-1961)

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  1. How did the role of the president change between 1945 and 1961? It’s a question, so it needs a ? underlined LOs: 1. To explain the reasons for and the impact of Truman’s presidential leadership style 2. To explain the reasons for and the impact of Eisenhower’s presidential leadership style 3. To compare and contrast the presidential leadership styles of Truman and Eisenhower

  2. What had changed under Roosevelt? The President was now expected to: • Form policy and legislation • Work with federal boards and committees • Communicate with the the media and public • Be responsible for welfare BUT, people were afraid of Roosevelt’s increasingly dictatorial style during the New Deal era: • The Supreme Court still preserved states’ rights against federal legislation • The President still needed agreement from Congress to pass legislation • Personality was still key to the role (particularly in FP) • The 22nd Amendment (ratified by 1951) confirmed that no President could serve more than two terms.

  3. Who was Truman? https://www.tpt.org/truman-american-experience/video/american-experience-truman-and-unity-a-compromise-candidate/

  4. Harry Truman (1884-1972) • The 33rd U.S. president, assumed office following the death of President Franklin Roosevelt. • A Missouri native, Truman assisted in running his family farm after high school and served in World War I (1914-1918). • He began his political career in 1922 as a county judge in Missouri and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1934. • Three months after becoming vice president in 1945, the plain-spoken Truman ascended to the presidency. • In the White House from 1945 to 1953, Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, helped rebuild post-war Europe, worked to contain communism and led the United States into the Korean War (1950-1953). • In 1948, he was re-elected in an upset over Republican Thomas Dewey (1902-1971). • After leaving office, Truman spent his remaining two decades in Independence, Missouri, where he established his presidential library. Task: Use pages 80-83 to complete your fact file on Truman Challenge: How far do you agree that the personality of the president was the most significant factor in the changes in the presidency in the years 1917-61 [20]

  5. Who was Eisenhower?

  6. Who was Eisenhower? • As supreme commander of Allied forces in Western Europe during World War II, Dwight D. Eisenhower led the massive invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe that began on D-Day (June 6, 1944). • In 1952, leading Republicans convinced Eisenhower (then in command of NATO forces in Europe) to run for president; he won a convincing victory over Democrat Adlai Stevenson and would serve two terms in the White House (1953-1961). • During his presidency, Eisenhower managed Cold War-era tensions with the Soviet Union under the looming threat of nuclear weapons, ended the war in Korea in 1953 and authorized a number of covert anti-communist operations by the CIA around the world. • On the home front, where America was enjoying a period of relative prosperity, Eisenhower strengthened Social Security, created the massive new Interstate Highway System and maneuvered behind the scenes to discredit the rabid anti-Communist Senator Joseph McCarthy. • Though popular throughout his administration, he faltered in the protection of civil rights for African Americans by failing to fully enforce the Supreme Court’s mandate for the desegregation of schools in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Task: Use pages 83-86 to complete your fact file on Eisenhower Challenge: How far do you agree that the personality of the president was the most significant factor in the changes in the presidency in the years 1917-61 [20]

  7. Task: In terms of the following criteria, how were they similar/different? Give each a rating out of 10 and justify • Personality • Relationship with the media • Communication with the public • Organisational ability • Ability to work with Congress Challenge: How far do you agree that the personality of the president was the most significant factor in the changes in the presidency in the years 1917-61 [20] How would you structure this?

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